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Structural organization of the spliced immediate-early gene complex that encodes the major acidic nuclear (IE1) and transactivator (IE2) proteins of african green monkey cytomegalovirus
Total immediate-early (IE) RNA synthesized after infection with African green monkey cytomegalovirus (SCMV) in the presence of cycloheximide contained a major 2.3-kb mRNA species that acted as template for in ...
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Article
Expression of TAR RNA-binding protein in baculovirus and co-immunoprecipitation with insect cell protein kinase
TAR RNA-binding protein TRBP was originally isolated by its binding affinity for radiolabeled HIV-1 leader RNA. Subsequent studies have suggested that this protein is one member of a family of double-stranded ...
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Article
HTLV-I tax and cytokeratin: Tax-expressing cells show morphological changes in keratin-containing cytoskeletal networks
Human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) has been linked to the development of an aggressive lymphoproliferative disorder (adult T cell leukemia), a chronic neurodegenerative presentation (HTLV-I-associated...
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Article
Divergent subcellular locations of HTLV-I tax and Int-6: A contrast between in vitro protein-protein binding and intracellular protein colocalization
Protein-protein interactions define many important molecular and cellular processes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic biology. In trying to delineate the contact between two proteins, the yeast two-hybrid assay ha...
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Article
Tat, Tat-associated kinase, and transcription
The HIV-1 Tat protein is an RNA-binding transcriptional transactivator. Recent findings suggest that Tat associates with a cellular kinase that phosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of the largest subuni...
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Article
Isolation of full-length cDNA and chromosomal localization of human NF-κB modulator NEMO to Xq28
NEMO is an essential component of the IκB kinase complex. Others have shown that expression of mouse NEMO can complement the lack of responsiveness to NF-κB stimuli in two NEMO-deficient cell lines. Here we re...
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Article
Characterization of TRBP1 and TRBP2
TRBP1 and TRBP2 cDNAs have been isolated based on the ability of the protein that they encode to bind HIV-1 TAR RNA. The two cDNAs have different 5′ end-termini resulting in 21 additional amino acids for TRBP2...
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Article
Damaged DNA and miscounted chromosomes: Human T cell leukemia virus type I tax oncoprotein and genetic lesions in transformed cells
Genetic instability is a recurring theme in human cancers. Although the molecular mechanisms mediating this effect commonly observed in transformed cells are not completely understood, it has been proposed to ...
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Article
Requirement for the second coding exon of Tat in the optimal replication of macrophage-tropic HIV-1
HIV-1 Tat is essential for virus replication and is a potent transactivator of viral gene expression. Evidence suggests that Tat also influences virus infectivity and cytopathicity. Here, we find that the seco...
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Open AccessRetrovirology and young Turks...
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Article
Open AccessTwo discrete events, human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax oncoprotein expression and a separate stress stimulus, are required for induction of apoptosis in T-cells
It is poorly understood why many transforming proteins reportedly enhance both cell growth (transformation) and cell death (apoptosis). At first glance, the ability to transform and the ability to engender apo...
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Open AccessSpecific TATAA and bZIP requirements suggest that HTLV-I Tax has transcriptional activity subsequent to the assembly of an initiation complex
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax protein is a transcriptional regulator of viral and cellular genes. In this study we have examined in detail the determinants for Tax-mediated transcriptional ac...
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Open AccessMohmmar Qadaffi, Open Access, and Retrovirology
Retrovirology has been publishing as an Open Access online journal for approximately six months. In this editorial, I review the reasons for and the advantages of Open Access publishing, update our progress to...
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Open AccessHIV-1 encoded candidate micro-RNAs and their cellular targets
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs of 21–25 nucleotides that specifically regulate cellular gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs are derived from the maturation by cellular RNases III of im...
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Human T-cell leukemia virus type I: 25 years of progress and challenges
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Open AccessProgress, challenges, and responsibilities in retrovirology
In this editorial, Retrovirology's choice for best basic science "retrovirus paper of the year" and a perspective on challenges and responsibilities facing HIV-1 and HTLV-I research are presented.
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Article
Open AccessJacov Tal (1940 – 2005): remembrances of a friend
An obituary commemorates the life and works of Jacov Tal.
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Open AccessRetrovirology highlights a quarter century of HTLV-I research
In 1977, Takatsuki and co-workers described in Japan a human malignant disease termed adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Three years later, in 1980, Gallo and colleagues reported the identification of the first huma...
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Open AccessLife after 45 and before 60: the Retrovirology Prize
Retrovirology announces an annual prize to recognize one outstanding mid-career retrovirologist.
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Open AccessSmall philanthropy and big science: the RETROVIROLOGY prize and Stephen P. Goff
Stephen P. Goff wins the 2005 RETROVIROLOGY prize.