Ignition Sources
Fire, Explosion and Detonation
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Article
Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Analyses, Spectral, Thermal, Two-Photon Absorption Properties and Optical Limiting Applications of Novel 4-Fluoro-N-[4-(diethylamino)benzylidene]aniline (FDEABA)
The novel third-order nonlinear optical organic material 4-fluoro-N-[4-(diethylamino)benzylidene]aniline (FDEABA) is synthesized and single crystals of FDEABA are grown using the slow evaporation method. The plac...
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Chapter
Preliminary Concepts and Introduction
The formation of a or a detonation in a combustible requires that its temperature be increased to a threshold value at which exothermic chemical reactions can take place spontaneously. The energy stimulus pr...
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Chemical Ignition Energy Sources
A combustible could be a gaseous mixture of fuel and oxidizer such as gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen mixed with each other. It could be a slurry of a liquid fuel, e.g., fuel oil and a solid oxidizer like ...
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Chapter
Shock Waves as Ignition Sources
A shock wave propagating in a high-energy medium raises the temperature and brings about chemical reactions in the high-energy material. If the increase of temperature of the shocked medium is such that sponta...
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Ignition of Liquid Fuels and Liquid Explosives
A liquid, unlike a solid, can flow and generally wets the surface with which it is in contact. However, it is fairly incompressible like a solid though it flows and takes the shape of the container in which it...
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Shock Wave and Impact Threats for Confined Solid Explosives
Undesirable thermal ignition sources known as thermal were seen in the last chapter to cause slow and fast cook off of the combustible within a confinement. Measures to mitigate the fast cook off and slow co...
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Thermal Ignition Energy Sources
Heat transfer to the high-energy material causes an increase of its internal energy, i.e., its temperature and initiates exothermic chemical reactions. Heat and temperature could also result from dissipation o...
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Electromagnetic Radiation Ignition Sources
Electromagnetic waves propagate by the coupling between oscillatory electrical disturbances inciting magnetic disturbances that in turn cause electrical disturbances. These disturbances are transverse to the d...
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Ignition Sources for Detonation of Solid Explosives
A shock wave is required to form a detonation. The ignition source thus needs to form a shock that would propagate in the solid explosive.
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Unanticipated Thermal Ignition Sources
Unanticipated thermal ignition , either from heat or touch or otherwise, could initiate a deflagration or a detonation of a combustible. A fully confined combustible, once ignited, could explode due to press...
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Ignition Sources for Fire and Explosions in Solid Combustibles
Solid fuels comprise mainly of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. The solid explosives contain in addition oxidizers such as oxygen and chlorine.
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Ignition Sources for Gaseous Combustibles
Energy sources required for the ignition of fuel gases depend on whether the gases are stagnant in a given confinement or they are in a state of motion. Most of the appliances that use gaseous fuels employ flo...
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Electrostatic Ignition Energy Sources
Electrical charges get generated and accumulate in conducting and insulating materials and other media under certain conditions. The charges build up and spontaneously get released in a gaseous medium in the f...
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Article
Electrochromic properties of hydrothermally grown microstructured V2O5 and MWCNT/V2O5 composite films
Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes added V2O5 composite (MWCNT/V2O5) films were prepared by hydrothermal technique. The influence of various levels of MWCNT on the electrochromic propertie...
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Article
Synthesis, growth, and two-photon absorption induced optical limiting action of cytosinium benzoate single crystal
Two-photon absorption induced optical limiting action was demonstrated in cytosinium benzoate (CB) under nanosecond laser (532 nm, 9 ns, and 10 Hz) excitation. Intensity dependent open aperture Z-scan experime...
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Chapter
TNT Equivalence and Yield from Explosions
The overpressure and impulse at a distance \(R_s\) R s from...
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Quantification of Damages
The principles governing explosion of gaseous, dust, and condensed phase substances are discussed in the previous chapters. Confined and unconfined explosions, physical explosions, and explosions of pressure v...
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Unconfined and Confined Gas Phase Explosions
Gaseous fuels and volatile liquid fuels are used for household and industrial purposes and for propulsion. They are transported by road, rail, and sea in tankers of different sizes.
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Physical Explosions and Rupture of Pressure Vessels
Chemical reactions are not to the only means of obtaining rapid of energy for the occurrence of explosions.
