Diel Vertical Migration of Zooplankton in Lakes and Oceans
causal explanations and adaptive significances
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Joop Ringelberg
Environment
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Book
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Chapter
Considerations Before Going into the Field
If the depth of a zooplankton population in daytime differs significantly from the depth at night, the population is said to migrate. It has become customary to speak of diel vertical migration, thus of a phenome...
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Chapter
Windows: An Introduction
We study animals from an anthropomorphic perspective. The sense organs of animals differ from ours and, of course, also their central nervous system. A bee, with a spectral sensitivity extended in the ultravio...
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Chapter
Migrations in the Marine Environment
The oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface and contain a tremendous volume of approximately 1.3 × 109 km3. Although biodiversity of the littoral communities may be as high as in terrestrial ecosystems, the pelag...
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Chapter
From the Individual to the Population and Beyond
Zooplankton are important links in of oceans and lakes. This holds for herbivores like most cladocerans, or omnivores like cyclopoid and calanoid copepods, but also for predators as many species of Euphausia ar...
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Chapter
Light-Induced, Reactive Swimming
Nowadays, ecologists are not very interested in the physiological–behavioural mechanisms that underlie ecological phenomena. Attention is focused on ultimate, evolutionary aspects. This also holds for investig...
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Chapter
Mechanistic Models
“What makes models so fashionable?” is the first sentence of an excellent essay by Gabriel (1993) on the use of models in studying DVM. As is usual with fashionable things, it is difficult to give a single ans...
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Chapter
Optical Orientations
Why vision in an optical empty environment? Why orientation in a vast homogenous pelagic environment by animals having a small action radius only? For a Calanus in the middle of the ocean, even for a Daphnia in ...
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Chapter
Diel Vertical Migration in Lakes
Diel vertical migration of zooplankton in lakes has often been described and is obviously a common phenomenon. Most studies were confined to a few days, few sample times and depths. Therefore, most papers are ...
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Chapter
The Confrontation of Experimental and Field Studies
Evolutionary thinking has made DVM research undeniably richer, but the historical perspective also led to an alienation from science. For disciplines like physiology, molecular genetics or developmental biolog...
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Chapter
Recapitulations and Considerations
Our knowledge of behaviour at the base of migration is limited. Researchers of zooplankton are not often enthusiast students of behaviour. There are notable exceptions, of course, and we have encountered them ...
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Chapter
Swimming in a Strange Biotope
The vast expanse of the open ocean is a strange to us. Imagine a blue nothingness, a total absence of the variety of optical cues that are so characteristic on land. In woods, savannahs, tundras, mountains a...
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Chapter
A Decision-Making Mechanism
As described in the previous chapter, changes in light intensity suffice to cause phototactic swimming reactions in zooplankton organisms. No predators or kairomones are needed, only changes in light intensity...
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Chapter
Light and Temperature
Species-specific relations between organisms and the physicochemical properties of the environment are important in ecology. Yet the correlation of a biological property and a physicochemical factor is often p...
