26 Result(s)
within
Joel Myerson
Cognitive Psychology
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Article
Leverpecking elicited by signaled presentation of grain
The pairing of a keylight with food elicited downward-pecking movements directly in front of the key. These pecks were recorded, using an appropriately positioned lever. Leverpecks and keypecks, which develope...
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Article
Top-down design for a system to control operant choice experiments
STATIONS, a FORTRAN program to control operant choice experiments, was developed based on the principles of top-down design and structured programming. As a consequence, the program consists of modules organiz...
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Temporal discounting and preference reversals in choice between delayed outcomes
Subjects chose between pairs of hypothetical amounts of money available after different delays. When smaller, more immediate amounts were selected over larger, more delayed amounts, the addition of a constant ...
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Rate of temporal discounting decreases with amount of reward
The present, subjective value of a delayed reward is a decreasing function of the duration of the delay. This phenomenon is termed temporal discounting. To determine whether the amount of the reward influences...
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Effects of inflation on the subjective value of delayed and probabilistic rewards
In the years prior to 1994, there were very high rates of inflation in Poland, and the zloty depreciated relative to the U.S. dollar. However, the new zloty, introduced in 1995, was associated with greatly dec...
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Article
Individual and developmental differences in working memory across the life span
The effects of secondary tasks on verbal and spatial working memory were examined in multiple child, young adult, and older adult samples. Although memory span increased with age in the child samples and decre...
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Article
Age and individual differences in visuospatial processing speed: Testing the magnification hypothesis
Forty young adults and 40 older adults performed seven visuospatial information processing tasks. Factor analyses of the response times (RTs) yielded a single principal component with a similar composition in ...
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Article
Stocks and losses, items and interference: A reply to Oberauer and Süß (2000)
Results of a recent study of spatial working memory are presented in support of the claim by Jenkins and her colleagues (Jenkins, Myerson, Hale, & Fry, 1999) that secondary tasks produce larger interference ef...
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Analysis of group differences in processing speed: Brinley plots, Q-Q plots, and other conspiracies
Researchers in a growing number of areas (including cognitive development, aging, and neuropsychology) use Brinley plots to compare the processing speed of different groups. Ratcliff, Spieler, and McKoon (2000...
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Article
Is there a magnitude effect in tip**?
The present study examined nearly 1,000 tips recorded for two taxicabs, two hair salons, and two restaurants. In each of the six cases, amount of tip increased linearly as a function of the amount of the bill....
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Article
The difference engine: A model of diversity in speeded cognition
A theory of diversity in speeded cognition, the difference engine, is proposed, in which information processing is represented as a series of generic computational steps. Some individuals tend to perform all o...
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Article
Interference with spatial working memory: An eye movement is more than a shift of attention
In the present experiments, we examined whether shifts of attention selectively interfere with the maintenance of both verbal and spatial information in working memory and whether the interference produced by ...
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Article
Differential effects of amount on temporal and probability discounting of gains and losses
In four experiments, we compared the effects of delay, probability, and monetary amount on the subjective value of gains and losses. For delayed gains, smaller amounts were discounted more steeply than larger ...
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Article
Predicting the size of individual and
An a priori test of the difference engine model (Myerson, Hale, Zheng, Jenkins, & Widaman, 2003) was conducted using a large, diverse sample of individuals who performed three speeded verbal tasks and three sp...
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Article
Preference reversals with losses
People who prefer larger, later gains over smaller, sooner gains when considering outcomes far in the future often reverse their preference as the alternatives become closer in time. This finding, which is con...
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Article
Children’s higher order cognitive abilities and the development of secondary memory
The relations between higher cognitive abilities and immediate and delayed recall were studied in 57 children (6–16 years of age). The participants were tested repeatedly on free recall of a supraspan list (Ch...
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Are people really more patient than other animals? Evidence from human discounting of real liquid rewards
In previous studies, researchers have found that humans discount delayed rewards orders of magnitude less steeply than do other animals. Humans also discount smaller delayed reward amounts more steeply than la...
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Making strides in modeling individual differences: Reply to Leite, Ratcliff, and White (2007)
Leite, Ratcliff, and White (2007) claimed that the diffusion model (Ratcliff, 1978) could simulate the molar patterns in response times (RTs) from the multiple tasks observed by Chen, Hale, and Myerson (2007)....
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Article
Reading your own lips: Common-coding theory and visual speech perception
Common-coding theory posits that (1) perceiving an action activates the same representations of motor plans that are activated by actually performing that action, and (2) because of individual differences in t...
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Article
Dual n-back training increases the capacity of the focus of attention
Working memory (WM) training has been reported to benefit abilities as diverse as fluid intelligence (Jaeggi et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105:6829–68...
