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Open AccessGrowth hormone and testosterone delay vertebral fractures in boys with muscular dystrophy on chronic glucocorticoids
Glucocorticoid use in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy prolongs ambulation but cause significant skeletal toxicity. Our analysis has immediate clinical implications, suggesting that growth hormone and te...
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Article
Open AccessAuthor Correction: Sensory innervation in porous endplates by Netrin-1 from osteoclasts mediates PGE2-induced spinal hypersensitivity in mice
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Article
Open AccessSensory innervation in porous endplates by Netrin-1 from osteoclasts mediates PGE2-induced spinal hypersensitivity in mice
Spinal pain is a major clinical problem, however, its origins and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that in mice, osteoclasts induce sensory innervation in the porous endplates which contrib...
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Article
Open AccessMultiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 presenting with concurrent insulinoma and prolactinoma in early-adolescence
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant disease that generally presents with primary hyperparathyroidism. However, initial presentation may vary and continued reevaluation of et...
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Article
Open AccessOxidized phospholipids are ligands for LRP6
Low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 6 (LRP6) is a co-receptor for Wnt signaling and can be recruited by multiple growth factors/hormones to their receptors facilitating intracellular signaling act...
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Article
Open AccessCiliary parathyroid hormone signaling activates transforming growth factor-β to maintain intervertebral disc homeostasis during aging
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration of spinal instability. Here, we report that the cilia of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells mediate mechanotransduction to maintain ...
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Article
Open AccessIGF-I induced phosphorylation of PTH receptor enhances osteoblast to osteocyte transition
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates bone remodeling by activating PTH type 1 receptor (PTH1R) in osteoblasts/osteocytes. Insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) stimulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiati...
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Article
Open AccessTransforming growth factor-β in stem cells and tissue homeostasis
TGF-β 1–3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The biological functions of TGF-β ...
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Article
Open AccessProgrammed cell senescence in skeleton during late puberty
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) undergo rapid self-renewal and differentiation, contributing to fast skeletal growth during childhood and puberty. It remains unclear whether these cells change their ...
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Article
Open AccessMechanosignaling activation of TGFβ maintains intervertebral disc homeostasis
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the leading cause of disability with no disease-modifying treatment. IVD degeneration is associated with instable mechanical loading in the spine, but little is known ...
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Article
Open AccessExcessive Activation of TGFβ by Spinal Instability Causes Vertebral Endplate Sclerosis
Narrowed intervertebral disc (IVD) space is a characteristic of IVD degeneration. EP sclerosis is associated with IVD, however the pathogenesis of EP hypertrophy is poorly understood. Here, we employed two spi...
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Article
Open AccessRhoA determines lineage fate of mesenchymal stem cells by modulating CTGF–VEGF complex in extracellular matrix
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) participate in the repair/remodelling of many tissues, where MSCs commit to different lineages dependent on the cues in the local microenvironment. Here we show that TGFβ-activate...
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Role of TGF-β Signaling in Coupling Bone Remodeling
TGF-β signaling plays a key role in the temporal and spatial regulation of bone remodeling. During osteoclast bone resorption, TGF-β is released from the bone matrix and activated. Active TGF-β recruits mesenc...
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Article
Function of matrix IGF-1 in coupling bone resorption and formation
Balancing bone resorption and formation is the quintessential component for the prevention of osteoporosis. Signals that determine the recruitment, replication, differentiation, function, and apoptosis of oste...
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Article
IGF-1 Signaling is Essential for Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Peak Bone Mass
Survival of children with chronic medical illnesses is leading to an increase in secondary osteoporosis due to impaired peak bone mass (PBM). Insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) levels correlate with the...
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Article
Inhibition of TGF-β signaling in mesenchymal stem cells of subchondral bone attenuates osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis has been believed to be caused by improper mechanical function of articular joints. Xu Cao and his colleagues now show that this mechanical process leads to upregulation of transforming growth f...
