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Article
Open AccessSex- and species-specific contribution of CD99 to T cell costimulation during multiple sclerosis
Differences in immune responses between women and men are leading to a strong sex bias in the incidence of autoimmune diseases that predominantly affect women, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). MS manifests in ...
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Article
Identification of early neurodegenerative pathways in progressive multiple sclerosis
Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by unrelenting neurodegeneration, which causes cumulative disability and is refractory to current treatments. Drug development to prevent disease progressio...
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Article
Open AccessTryptophan metabolism drives dynamic immunosuppressive myeloid states in IDH-mutant gliomas
The dynamics and phenotypes of intratumoral myeloid cells during tumor progression are poorly understood. Here we define myeloid cellular states in gliomas by longitudinal single-cell profiling and demonstrate...
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Article
Open AccessHeterogeneity of response to immune checkpoint blockade in hypermutated experimental gliomas
Intrinsic malignant brain tumors, such as glioblastomas are frequently resistant to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with few hypermutated glioblastomas showing response. Modeling patient-individual resistance...
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Article
Open AccessDietary tryptophan links encephalogenicity of autoreactive T cells with gut microbial ecology
The interaction between the mammalian host and its resident gut microbiota is known to license adaptive immune responses. Nutritional constituents strongly influence composition and functional properties of th...
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Article
Suppression of antitumor T cell immunity by the oncometabolite (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate
The oncometabolite (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2-HG) produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations promotes gliomagenesis via DNA and histone methylation. Here, we identify an additional activity of R-2-HG: ...
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Article
Open AccessTryptophan-2,3-Dioxygenase (TDO) deficiency is associated with subclinical neuroprotection in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis
The catabolism of tryptophan to immunosuppressive and neuroactive kynurenines is a key metabolic pathway regulating immune responses and neurotoxicity. The rate-limiting step is controlled by indoleamine-2,3-d...
