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Article
Retroflexed dens in paediatric Chiari 1 patients and implications: Single centre retrospective study
Chiari 1 malformation and hind brain hernia can be associated with skull base and craniocervical anomalies. One of the more recently associated anomalies is a retroverted or retroflexed odontoid process or den...
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Article
Traumatic disruption of dura at suture lines: a consistent finding in non-accidental head injury?
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Article
Medulloblastomas, CNS embryonal tumors, and cerebellar mutism syndrome: advances in care and future directions
Central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumors, commonly found in pediatric patients, represent a heterogeneous mix of lesions with an overall poor (though improving) prognosis. Medulloblastomas are by far the ...
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Article
Clinical features and outcome in pediatric arteriovenous malformation: institutional multimodality treatment
Intracranial arteriovenous-malformation (AVM) is a relatively rare condition in pediatrics, yet is a major cause of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage with a risk of fatal hemorrhage reported to be between 4 ...
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Article
Molecular subgroup of medulloblastoma: evaluation of contribution to CSF diversion following tumour resection
Medulloblastoma is the commonest malignant brain tumour in children. Pre-operative hydrocephalus is present in up to 90% of these patients at presentation. Following posterior fossa surgery, despite resolution...
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Article
Spinal canal stenosis in children with achondroplasia: the role of augmentation laminoplasty—a 15-year single institution experience
Achondroplasia typically results in compressive spinal canal stenosis in one-third of children, but rare under the age of 15 years. Laminectomy is the mainstay of treatment but this leads to instability and pr...
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Article
Myasthenia gravis complicating the surgical management of achondroplasia: a case-based update
Achondroplasia is the commonest skeletal dysplasia of autosomal dominant inheritance caused by “gain of function” mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. Foramen magnum compression d...
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Article
Posterior Calvarial Distraction in older paediatric population: single centre paediatric neurosurgery craniofacial unit outcomes
Posterior calvarial distraction (PCD) is a safe and effective technique used to increase cranial vault volume and therefore reduce intracranial pressure in children with complex craniosynostosis. Optimal timin...
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Article
Paediatric developmental venous anomalies (DVAs): how often do they bleed and where?
Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are anomalies of venous drainage and considered a low-flow malformation. Studies evaluating natural history and risk factors for intracranial haemorrhage in the paediatric...
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Article
Paediatric spondylodiscitis: a 10-year single institution experience in management and clinical outcomes
Discitis in the paediatric population poses diagnostic challenges due to non-specific presenting symptoms and difficulty with expressing pain in non-communicating children. Discitis remains a relatively rare c...
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Article
Consent in paediatric neurosurgery: adequacy of documentation and parental perspectives
Consenting paediatric patients for surgical procedures remains inherently unique in that it is underpinned by principles such as parental responsibility, assessment of the child’s capacity to consent, and adhe...
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Article
Paediatric intracranial aneurysms: a British institutional review
Paediatric intracranial aneurysms are rare, with a differing natural history and thought to account for only up to 7% of all intracranial aneurysms. There is much uncertainty that surrounds the prevalence of u...
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Article
Open AccessPositional plagiocephaly following ventriculoperitoneal shunting in neonates and infancy—how serious is it?
We test the hypothesis that ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion significantly increases contralateral positional plagiocephaly.
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Chapter
Developmental Anatomy
Many cases of hindbrain hernia are due to developmental abnormalities of the skull and/or the craniocervical junction. In this chapter the development of the nervous system, skull, vertebrae and associated mes...
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Article
Open AccessMRI morphometric characterisation of the paediatric cervical spine and spinal cord in children with MPS IVA (Morquio-Brailsford syndrome)
Nearly all children with MPS IVA develop skeletal deformities affecting the spine. At the atlanto-axial spine, odontoid hypoplasia occurs. GAG deposition around the dens, leads to peri-odontoid infiltration. T...
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Article
Open AccessAnaesthesia and airway management in mucopolysaccharidosis
This paper provides a detailed overview and discussion of anaesthesia in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), the evaluation of risk factors in these patients and their anaesthetic management, including ...
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Article
Open AccessSpinal involvement in mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (Morquio-Brailsford or Morquio A syndrome): presentation, diagnosis and management
Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA), also known as Morquio-Brailsford or Morquio A syndrome, is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme N-acetyl-galactosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase (GALN...
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Article
Paediatric lumbar disc herniation in the very young: A case-based update
A lumbar disc prolapse is commonly seen in the adult population and as a result, the signs and symptoms are well recognised and easily treated. A disc prolapse, in the adolescent and particularly the paediatri...
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Article
Clinical Significance of Medication Reconciliation in Children Admitted to a UK Pediatric Hospital
In December 2007, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and the National Patient Safety Agency in the UK (NICE-NPSA) published guidance that recommends all adults admitted to hospital recei...
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Article
Multiple coexistent dysraphic pathologies
Four distinct dysraphic anomalies were observed in a single child. While combinations of such anomalies are well recognised, quadruple dysraphic pathology, nevertheless, is extremely uncommon. To our knowledge...