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Article
Open AccessTurbulence Organization and Mean Profile Shapes in the Stably Stratified Boundary Layer: Zones of Uniform Momentum and Air Temperature
A persistent spatial organization of eddies is identified in the lowest portion of the stably stratified planetary boundary layer. The analysis uses flow realizations from published large-eddy simulations (Sul...
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Article
Boundary-Layer Processes Hindering Contemporary Numerical Weather Prediction Models
Time integration of the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations is the principal approach used in numerical weather prediction. This approach represents a balanced compromise between accurac...
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Article
Velocity and Temperature Dissimilarity in the Surface Layer Uncovered by the Telegraph Approximation
The physicist and mathematician Shang-Keng Ma once commented that “the simplest possible variable is one that can have two values. If there is only one value, no variation is possible." Guided by this dictum, ...
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Article
Intermittent Surface Renewals and Methane Hotspots in Natural Peatlands
Peatlands account for a large fraction of global methane ( \(\mathrm {CH_4}\) CH ...
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Article
Flow dynamics and sediment transport in vegetated rivers: A review
The significance of riparian vegetation on river flow and material transport is not in dispute. Conveyance laws, sediment erosion and deposition, and element cycling must all be adjusted from their canonical r...
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Article
The Persistent Challenge of Surface Heterogeneity in Boundary-Layer Meteorology: A Review
Atmospheric boundary-layer dynamics over heterogeneous surfaces is significant to a wide array of geophysical and engineering applications. Yet, despite over five decades of intense efforts by the research com...
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Article
Homogenization of the terrestrial water cycle
Land-use and land-cover changes are accelerating. Such changes can homogenize the water cycle and undermine planetary resilience. Policymakers and practitioners must consider water–vegetation interactions in t...
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Article
Plant hydraulics accentuates the effect of atmospheric moisture stress on transpiration
Transpiration, the dominant component of terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET), directly connects the water, energy and carbon cycles and is typically restricted by soil and atmospheric (for example, the vapour ...
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Article
Open AccessA joint velocity-intermittency analysis reveals similarity in the vertical structure of atmospheric and hydrospheric canopy turbulence
Turbulent flow through and over vegetation continues to draw significant research attention given its relevance to a plethora of applications in earth and environmental science. Canopy flows are characterized ...
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Article
Reduced resilience as an early warning signal of forest mortality
Climate-induced forest mortality is being widely observed across the globe. Predicting forest mortality remains challenging because the physiological mechanisms causing mortality are not fully understood and e...
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Article
Magnitude of urban heat islands largely explained by climate and population
Urban heat islands (UHIs) exacerbate the risk of heat-related mortality associated with global climate change. The intensity of UHIs varies with population size and mean annual precipitation, but a unifying ex...
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Article
The structure of turbulent flow through submerged flexible vegetation
The hydrodynamics of turbulent flow through submerged flexible vegetation is investigated in a flume using acoustic Doppler velocimetery (ADV) measurements. The flow characteristics such as the energetics and ...
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Article
Open AccessFriction factor for turbulent open channel flow covered by vegetation
The need for operational models describing the friction factor f in streams remains undisputed given its utility across a plethora of hydrological and hydraulic applications concerned with shallow inertial flows....
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Article
Vilà-Guerau de Arellano et al.: Atmospheric Boundary Layer: Integrating Air Chemistry and Land Interactions
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Article
Dissipation Intermittency Increases Long-Distance Dispersal of Heavy Particles in the Canopy Sublayer
The dispersion of heavy particles such as seeds within canopies is evaluated using Lagrangian stochastic trajectory models, laboratory, and field experiments. Inclusion of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation ...
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Article
The Spatio-temporal Statistical Structure and Ergodic Behaviour of Scalar Turbulence Within a Rod Canopy
Connections between the spatial and temporal statistics of turbulent flow, and their possible convergence to ensemble statistics as assumed by the ergodic hypothesis, are explored for passive scalars within a ...
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Article
Turbulent Energy Spectra and Cospectra of Momentum and Heat Fluxes in the Stable Atmospheric Surface Layer
The turbulent energy spectra and cospectra of momentum and sensible heat fluxes are examined theoretically and experimentally with increasing flux Richardson number (
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Article
Footprint Estimation for Multi-Layered Sources and Sinks Inside Canopies in Open and Protected Environments
A multi-layered flux footprint model is developed for a canopy situated within a protected environment such as a screenhouse. The model accounts for the vertically distributed sources and sinks within the cano...
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Article
A Velocity–Dissipation Lagrangian Stochastic Model for Turbulent Dispersion in Atmospheric Boundary-Layer and Canopy Flows
An extended Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model that includes time variations of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate is proposed. The instantaneous dissipation rate is described by a log-normal di...
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Article
Open AccessSecondary dispersal driven by overland flow in drylands: Review and mechanistic model development
Seed dispersal alters gene flow, reproduction, migration and ultimately spatial organization of dryland ecosystems. Because many seeds in drylands lack adaptations for long-distance dispersal, seed transport b...
