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Article
Potential use of an arthropod database to support the non-target risk assessment and monitoring of transgenic plants
Worldwide, plants obtained through genetic modification are subject to a risk analysis and regulatory approval before they can enter the market. An area of concern addressed in environmental risk assessments ...
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Article
Open AccessTransportability of confined field trial data for environmental risk assessment of genetically engineered plants: a conceptual framework
It is commonly held that confined field trials (CFTs) used to evaluate the potential adverse environmental impacts of a genetically engineered (GE) plant should be conducted in each country where cultivation ...
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Chapter
A Multi-attribute Decision Method for Assessing the Overall Sustainability of Crop Protection Strategies: A Case Study Based on Apple Production in Europe
In this study, we investigated the elements that must be considered to obtain a clear and useful assessment of sustainability. We present a system-description tool created especially for life cycle assessment ...
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Article
Open AccessPutative effects of Cry1Ab to larvae of Adalia bipunctata - reply to Hilbeck et al. (2012)
In their recent study, Hilbeck et al. (2012) report that Cry1Ab causes lethal effects on larvae of the ladybird beetle Adalia bipunctata when fed directly to the predator. Such toxic effects were not previously o...
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Article
Environmental change challenges decision-making during post-market environmental monitoring of transgenic crops
The ability to decide what kind of environmental changes observed during post-market environmental monitoring of genetically modified (GM) crops represent environmental harm is an essential part of most legal ...
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Article
Open AccessLaboratory toxicity studies demonstrate no adverse effects of Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1 to larvae of Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): the importance of study design
Scientific studies are frequently used to support policy decisions related to transgenic crops. Schmidt et al., Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 56:221–228 (2009) recently reported that Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb were toxic to...
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Article
Indirect effects of genetically modified herbicide tolerant crops on biodiversity and ecosystem services: the biological control example
Weeds can directly affect arthropods by providing favorable microclimates, food, shelter, mating sites and oviposition substrates. Indirect effects on herbivores and higher trophic level arthropods can occur i...
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Article
Do new Access and Benefit Sharing procedures under the Convention on Biological Diversity threaten the future of biological control?
Under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) countries have sovereign rights over their genetic resources. Agreements governing the access to these resources and the sharing of the benefits arising from ...
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Chapter
Quality Control of Mass Reared Egg Parasitoids
In this chapter we will present methods for determination of the quality of mass reared egg parasitoids. Before we describe guidelines, we will first outline the development of quality control of natural ene...
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Chapter
Risk Assessment and Non-target Effects of Egg Parasitoids in Biological Control
In the past 100 years many exotic natural enemies have been imported, mass reared and released as biological control agents for pest control (Albajes et al. 1999, van Lenteren 2000, 2003, Lynch et al. 2000, US...
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Article
Open AccessSetting the record straight: a rebuttal to an erroneous analysis on transgenic insecticidal crops and natural enemies
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Article
Definition and feasibility of isolation distances for transgenic maize cultivation
A major concern related to the adoption of genetically modified (GM) crops in agricultural systems is the possibility of unwanted GM inputs into non-GM crop production systems. Given the increasing commercial ...
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Article
Harmonia axyridis: an environmental risk assessment for Northwest Europe
In this paper, we summarize the international situation with respect to environmental risk assessment for biological control agents. Next, we apply a recently designed, comprehensive risk evaluation method con...
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Article
Assessment of risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops to nontarget arthropods
An international initiative is develo** a scientifically rigorous approach to evaluate the potential risks to nontarget arthropods (NTAs) posed by insect-resistant, genetically modified (IRGM) crops. It adap...
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Chapter
Harmonia axyridis: an environmental risk assessment for Northwest Europe
In this paper, we summarize the international situation with respect to environmental risk assessment for biological control agents. Next, we apply a recently designed, comprehensive risk evaluation method con...
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Chapter
Insect-Resistant Transgenic Crops and Biological Control
Natural enemies such as predators and parasitoids fulfil an important ecological and economic function by hel** to keep herbivore populations below the economic injury level. Thus, they contribute to sustain...
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Chapter
Ecological Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops: Ten Years of Field Research and Commercial Cultivation
The worldwide commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops has raised concerns about potential adverse effects on the environment resulting from the use of these crops. Consequently, the risks...
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Article
Report of Working Group 2: Data acquisition and analysis
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Article
Reply to Ecological risk assessment for Bt crops
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Article
Assessing the Effects of Bt Maize on the Predatory Mite Neoseiulus cucumeris
The investigation of Neoseiulus cucumeris in the context of the ecological risk assessment of insect resistant transgenic plants is of particular interest as this omnivorous predatory mite species is commercially...
