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Article
Open AccessCigarette smoke causes a bioenergetic crisis in RPE cells involving the downregulation of HIF-1α under normoxia
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common blinding disease in the elderly population. However, there are still many uncertainties regarding the pathophysiology at the molecular level. Currently...
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Article
Open AccessMethods to Study the Myenteric Plexus of Rat Small Intestine
The close interaction between the enteric nervous system, microbiome, and brain in vertebrates is an emerging topic of recent studies. Different species such as rat, mouse, and human are currently being used f...
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Article
Commentary on: “Host-parasite interaction associated with major mental illness”. Why we need integrative explanations based on evolutionary theory
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Article
Increased ROS Level in Spinal Cord of Wobbler Mice due to Nmnat2 Downregulation
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating motor neuron disease and to this day not curable. While 5–10% of patients inherit the disease (familiar ALS), up to 95% of patients are diagnosed with the sporadi...
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Article
Cultivation of Purified Primary Purkinje Cells from Rat Cerebella
Primary neurons are difficult to cultivate because they are often part of a complex tissue, and synaptically connected to numerous other cell types. These circumstances often prevent us from unveiling molecula...
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Article
Thymosin β4 overexpression regulates neuron production and spatial distribution in the develo** avian optic tectum
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4), the principal G-actin regulating entity in eukaryotic cells, has also multiple intra- and extracellular functions related to tissue regeneration and healing. While its effect in adult organs...
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Article
Unveiling of miRNA Expression Patterns in Purkinje Cells During Development
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs of 19–25 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with many disorders and neurode...
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Article
Open AccessA novel interaction between ATOH8 and PPP3CB
ATOH8 is a bHLH transcription factor playing roles in a variety of developmental processes such as neurogenesis, differentiation of pancreatic precursor cells, development of kidney and muscle, and differentia...
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Article
Open AccessInflammation and neuronal death in the motor cortex of the wobbler mouse, an ALS animal model
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder of the upper and lower motor neurons, characterized by rapid progressive weakness, muscle atrophy, dysarthria, dysphagia, and dyspnea. ...
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Article
Spatiotemporal expression of Math6 during mouse embryonic development
The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Math6 was shown to have important regulatory functions during many developmental events. However, a systematic description of Math6 expression during mouse embryoni...
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Article
Retrograde migration of pectoral girdle muscle precursors depends on CXCR4/SDF-1 signaling
In vertebrates, muscles of the pectoral girdle connect the forelimbs with the thorax. During development, the myogenic precursor cells migrate from the somites into the limb buds. Whereas most of the myogenic ...
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Article
Long-term incubation with mifepristone (MLTI) increases the spine density in develo** Purkinje cells: new insights into progesterone receptor mechanisms
Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PC) physiologically reveal an age-dependent expression of progesterone with high endogenous concentrations during the neonatal period. Even if progesterone has been previously shown ...
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Article
Neurogenesis, gliogenesis and the develo** chicken optic tectum: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis
We present the first comprehensive analysis of avian optic tectum development, including proliferation, migration and maturation of both neuronal and glial cells. The distribution of doublecortin, Tuj-1, vimen...
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Article
Open AccessErratum to: The dermomyotome ventrolateral lip is essential for the hypaxial myotome formation
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Open AccessThe dermomyotome ventrolateral lip is essential for the hypaxial myotome formation
The myotome is the primitive skeletal muscle that forms within the embryonic metameric body wall. It can be subdivided into an epaxial and hypaxial domain. It has been shown that the formation of the epaxial m...
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Article
Fast rearrangement of the neuronal growth cone’s actin cytoskeleton following VEGF stimulation
The neuronal growth cone plays a crucial role in the development of the nervous system. This highly motile structure leads the axon to its final destination by translating guidance cues into cytoskeletal rearr...
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Fluorescence Proteins and Time-Lapse Imaging of the Cytoskeleton
Visualization of cytoskeletal dynamics in real time is of paramount interest in cell biological research. With the aid of fluorescent-cytoskeletal fusion proteins and enhancement of confocal laser scanning mic...
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Article
TubStain: a universal peptide-tool to label microtubules
Imaging of the microtubular network is an important strategy to define cell-cycle specific and pathological states of eukaryotic cells. Here, we describe TubStain, a novel recombinant polypeptide allowing dire...
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Article
The receptor architecture of the pigeons’ nidopallium caudolaterale: an avian analogue to the mammalian prefrontal cortex
The avian nidopallium caudolaterale is a multimodal area in the caudal telencephalon that is apparently not homologous to the mammalian prefrontal cortex but serves comparable functions. Here we analyzed bindi...
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Article
Decreased gap junctional communication in neurobiotin microinjected lens epithelial cells after taxol treatment
The aim of the study was to examine gap-junction-mediated intercellular communication after experimentally induced aggregations of microtubules in cultured bovine lens epithelial cells. Intercellular communica...
