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Open AccessThe effects of revised peer-counselor support on the PMTCT cascade of care: results from a cluster-randomized trial in Kenya (the EMMA study)
This study evaluated the effect of revisions to existing peer-counselor services, called Mentor Mothers (MM), at maternal and child health clinics on medication adherence for women living with HIV (WLWH) in Ke...
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Article
The strategic allocation of PAC funds to effective legislators
We use Volden and Wiseman’s (2014) Legislative Effectiveness Scores and Interest and Legislative Effectiveness Scores to estimate the effect of legislative effectiveness on House members’ success at raising ca...
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Article
Open AccessA tool for estimating antiretroviral medication coverage for HIV-infected women during pregnancy (PMTCT-ACT)
In the typical prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV cascade of care discussion or analysis, the period of analysis begins at the first visit for antenatal care (ANC) for that pregnancy. Th...
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Open AccessThe Enhanced Mentor Mother ProgrAm (EMMA) for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Kenya: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
As of September 2014, Kenya implemented the WHO recommended Option B+ guidelines in which all newly diagnosed HIV-infected pregnant women are immediately eligible for triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) for li...
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Open AccessDesigning an optimal HIV programme for South Africa: Does the optimal package change when diminishing returns are considered?
South Africa has a large domestically funded HIV programme with highly saturated coverage levels for most prevention and treatment interventions. To further optimise its allocative efficiency, we designed a no...
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Article
Open AccessA framework for evaluating the costs of malaria elimination interventions: an application to reactive case detection in Southern Province of Zambia, 2014
This paper summarizes a framework for evaluating the costs of malaria elimination interventions and applies this approach to one key component of the elimination strategy—reactive case detection (RCD)—implemen...
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Open AccessDelays, interruptions, and losses from prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services during antenatal care in Johannesburg, South Africa: a cohort analysis
Between 2010–2013, South Africa implemented WHO ‘Option A’ for prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT), where all HIV-infected pregnant women (from 14 weeks gestation) received zidovudine (AZT) as A...
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Open AccessRetention in care, resource utilization, and costs for adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Zambia: a retrospective cohort study
Of the estimated 800,000 adults living with HIV in Zambia in 2011, roughly half were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). As treatment scale up continues, information on the care provided to patients after ...
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Article
Open AccessCalculating disability-adjusted-life-years lost (DALYs) in discrete-time
Disability-adjusted-life-years lost (DALYs) is a common outcome metric for cost-effectiveness analyses, and the equations used for such calculations have been presented previously by Fox-Rushby and Hanson (see...
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Article
Open AccessHow to calculate the annual costs of NGO-implemented programmes to support orphans and vulnerable children: a six-step approach
Information on the costs of implementing programmes designed to provide support of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere is increasingly being requested by donors for progra...
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Open AccessDo the socioeconomic impacts of antiretroviral therapy vary by gender? A longitudinal study of Kenyan agricultural worker employment outcomes
As access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has grown in Africa, attention has turned to evaluating the socio-economic impacts of ART. One key issue is the extent to which improvements in health resulting from A...
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Open AccessThe cost of uncomplicated childhood fevers to Kenyan households: implications for reaching international access targets
Fever is the clinical hallmark of malaria disease. The Roll Back Malaria (RBM) movement promotes prompt, effective treatment of childhood fevers as a key component to achieving its optimistic mortality reducti...
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Article
Uncertainty over future environmental taxes
Besides static efficiency properties, environmental policies should be evaluated in terms of their longer-run impacts on investment and technological change to reduce pollution and degradation of natural resou...
