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Article
Open AccessA tool for estimating antiretroviral medication coverage for HIV-infected women during pregnancy (PMTCT-ACT)
In the typical prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV cascade of care discussion or analysis, the period of analysis begins at the first visit for antenatal care (ANC) for that pregnancy. Th...
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Article
Open AccessDesigning an optimal HIV programme for South Africa: Does the optimal package change when diminishing returns are considered?
South Africa has a large domestically funded HIV programme with highly saturated coverage levels for most prevention and treatment interventions. To further optimise its allocative efficiency, we designed a no...
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Article
Open AccessA framework for evaluating the costs of malaria elimination interventions: an application to reactive case detection in Southern Province of Zambia, 2014
This paper summarizes a framework for evaluating the costs of malaria elimination interventions and applies this approach to one key component of the elimination strategy—reactive case detection (RCD)—implemen...
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Article
Open AccessRetention in care, resource utilization, and costs for adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Zambia: a retrospective cohort study
Of the estimated 800,000 adults living with HIV in Zambia in 2011, roughly half were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). As treatment scale up continues, information on the care provided to patients after ...
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Article
Open AccessCalculating disability-adjusted-life-years lost (DALYs) in discrete-time
Disability-adjusted-life-years lost (DALYs) is a common outcome metric for cost-effectiveness analyses, and the equations used for such calculations have been presented previously by Fox-Rushby and Hanson (see...
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Article
Open AccessHow to calculate the annual costs of NGO-implemented programmes to support orphans and vulnerable children: a six-step approach
Information on the costs of implementing programmes designed to provide support of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere is increasingly being requested by donors for progra...
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Open AccessDo the socioeconomic impacts of antiretroviral therapy vary by gender? A longitudinal study of Kenyan agricultural worker employment outcomes
As access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has grown in Africa, attention has turned to evaluating the socio-economic impacts of ART. One key issue is the extent to which improvements in health resulting from A...
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Open AccessThe cost of uncomplicated childhood fevers to Kenyan households: implications for reaching international access targets
Fever is the clinical hallmark of malaria disease. The Roll Back Malaria (RBM) movement promotes prompt, effective treatment of childhood fevers as a key component to achieving its optimistic mortality reducti...