-
Article
Open AccessDown-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 attenuates p53-dependent apoptosis of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons following transient cerebral ischemia
Abnormal activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is associated with pathophysiological conditions. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can provide neuroprotective effects against subsequent lethal ischemic i...
-
Article
Brain ischemic preconditioning protects against moderate, not severe, transient global cerebral ischemic injury
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in the brain increases ischemic tolerance to subsequent ischemic insults. In this study, we examined whether IPC protects neurons and attenuates microgliosis or not in the hippoc...
-
Article
Neuronal loss and gliosis in the rat striatum subjected to 15 and 30 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion
Selective neuronal death or loss in certain brain regions has been well characterized in animal models of transient global cerebral ischemia. However, selective neuronal death in transient focal cerebral ische...
-
Article
Effects of Scopolamine and Melatonin Cotreatment on Cognition, Neuronal Damage, and Neurogenesis in the Mouse Dentate Gyrus
It has been demonstrated that melatonin plays important roles in memory improvement and promotes neurogenesis in experimental animals. We examined effects of melatonin on cognitive deficits, neuronal damage, c...
-
Article
Roles of HIF-1α, VEGF, and NF-κB in Ischemic Preconditioning-Mediated Neuroprotection of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons Against a Subsequent Transient Cerebral Ischemia
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) provides neuroprotection against subsequent severe ischemic insults by specific mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that IPC attenuates post-ischemic neuronal death in the gerbi...
-
Article
Transient Cerebral Ischemia Alters GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β Immunoreactivity in Pyramidal Neurons and Induces p-GSK-3β Expression in Astrocytes in the Gerbil Hippocampal CA1 Area
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is a key downstream protein in the PI3K/Akt pathway. Phosphorylation of serine 9 of GSK-3β (GSK-3β activity inhibition) promotes cell survival. In this study, we examined c...
-
Article
Increases of Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase Expressions by Lacosamide Pretreatment Contributes to Neuroprotection Against Experimentally Induced Transient Cerebral Ischemia
Lacosamide is a new antiepileptic drug which is widely used to treat partial-onset seizures. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect of lacosamide against transient ischemic damage and expression...
-
Article
Effects of Chronic Scopolamine Treatment on Cognitive Impairments and Myelin Basic Protein Expression in the Mouse Hippocampus
Myelin plays an important role in learning and memory, and degradation of myelin is a key feature in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders involving cognitive dysfunction. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is on...
-
Article
Tanshinone I Enhances Neurogenesis in the Mouse Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus via Increasing Wnt-3, Phosphorylated Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β and β-Catenin Immunoreactivities
Tanshinone I (TsI), a lipophilic diterpene extracted from Danshan (Radix Salvia miltiorrhizae), exerts neuroprotection in cerebrovascular diseases including transient ischemic attack. In this study, we examined e...
-
Article
Ischemia-Induced Changes of PRAS40 and p-PRAS40 Immunoreactivities in the Gerbil Hippocampal CA1 Region After Transient Cerebral Ischemia
Proline-rich Akt substrate of 40-kDa (PRAS40) is one of the important interactive linkers between Akt and mTOR signaling pathways. The increase of PRAS40 is related with the reduction of brain damage induced b...
-
Article
Neuroprotection of Ischemic Preconditioning is Mediated by Anti-inflammatory, Not Pro-inflammatory, Cytokines in the Gerbil Hippocampus Induced by a Subsequent Lethal Transient Cerebral Ischemia
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) induced by sublethal transient cerebral ischemia could reduce neuronal damage/death following a subsequent lethal transient cerebral ischemia. We, in this study, compared expres...
-
Article
Comparison of Immunoreactivities of Calbindin-D28k, Calretinin and Parvalbumin in the Striatum Between Young, Adult and Aged Mice, Rats and Gerbils
Calcium binding proteins play important roles in all aspects of neural functioning in the central nervous system. In the present study, we examined age-related changes of three different calcium binding protei...
-
Article
Chronological changes in inflammatory cytokines immunoreactivities in the mouse hippocampus after systemic administration of high dosage of tetanus toxin
Tetanus toxin (TeT) is an exotoxin and has a capacity for neuronal binding and internalization. In the present study, we compared changes in the immunoreactivities and protein levels of interleukin (IL-) 2 as ...
-
Article
Neuronal Damage Using Fluoro-Jade B Histofluorescence and Gliosis in the Striatum After Various Durations of Transient Cerebral Ischemia in Gerbils
Ischemic damage occurs well in vulnerable regions of the brain, including the hippocampus and striatum. In the present study, we examined neuronal damage/death and glial changes in the striatum 4 days after 5,...
-
Article
Effects of Sensitive to Apoptosis Gene Protein on Cell Proliferation, Neuroblast Differentiation, and Oxidative Stress in the Mouse Dentate Gyrus
Sensitive to apoptosis gene (SAG) protein is a redox-inducible protein that protects cells against apoptosis induced by redox agents. In this study, we observed effects of SAG on cell proliferation and neurobl...
-
Article
Effects of Cu,Zn-Superoxide Dismutase on Cell Proliferation and Neuroblast Differentiation in the Mouse Dentate Gyrus
Oxidative stress is one of the most important factors in reducing adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult brain. In this study, we observed the effects of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) on lipid peroxid...
-
Article
PEP-1-Frataxin Significantly Increases Cell Proliferation and Neuroblast Differentiation by Reducing Lipid Peroxidation in the Mouse Dentate Gyrus
Frataxin plays important roles in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and in the differentiation of neurons during early development. In this study, we observed the effects of frataxin on cell proliferation an...
-
Article
Extract from Terminalia chebula Seeds Protect Against Experimental Ischemic Neuronal Damage Via Maintaining SODs and BDNF Levels
The fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz has been used as a traditional medicine in Asia and contains tannic acid, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid and corilagin. Extract from T. chebula seeds (TCE) has various biolo...
-
Article
Comparison of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Ionized Calcium-Binding Adapter Molecule 1 Immunoreactivity in the Adult and Aged Gerbil Hippocampus Following Repeated Restraint Stress
Stress leads to changes in homeostasis and internal balance of the body and is known to be one of important factors in the development of several diseases. In the present study, we investigated changes in gluc...
