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Protocol
Enzymatic Preparation of DNA with an Expanded Genetic Alphabet Using Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase and Its Applications
Efficient preparation of DNA oligonucleotides containing unnatural nucleobases (UBs) that can pair with their cognates to form unnatural base pairs (UBPs) is an essential prerequisite for the application of UB...
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Protocol
Ethanol Injection Method for Liposome Preparation
Ethanol injection method is one of the preferred methods for liposome preparation due to its advantages including rapidity, safety, and reproducibility. This method involves the injection of phospholipid solut...
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Protocol
Tracking Gut Motility in Organ and Cultures
Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is a key component of digestive health, and it is complex, involving a multitude of cell types and mechanisms to drive both rhythmic and arrhythmic activity. Tracking GI motility...
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Protocol
Large-Scale Expansion of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Microcarrier Tablets in Bioreactor
Mesenchymal stem cells show great potential in tissue engineering and cell-based therapies. This protocol demonstrates the use of 3D TableTrix® microcarrier tablets for large-scale manufacturing of human umbilica...
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Protocol
Bile Duct-on-a-Chip
Cholangiopathies affect the biliary tree via various pathophysiological mechanisms. Research on biliary physiology and pathology, however, is hampered by a lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models. Con...
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Protocol
Construction of Strong Promoters by Assembling Sigma Factor Binding Motifs
Development of strong promoters is of growing interest in the field of biotechnology and synthetic biology. Here we present a protocol for the construction of strong prokaryotic promoters that can be recognize...
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Protocol
Sample Preparation and Data Collection for Electron Crystallographic Studies on Membrane Protein Structures and Lipid–Protein Interaction
Electron crystallography is a unique tool to study membrane protein structures and lipid–protein interactions in their native-like environments. Two-dimensional (2D) protein crystallization enables the lipids ...
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Protocol
Supply and Demand Analysis of Autophagy
Autophagy is an intracellular protein degradation pathway that plays a vital role in cellular homeostasis. It maintains cellular function through proteostasis and the removal of unused and harmful proteins and...
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Protocol
Generating Goat Mammary Gland Bioreactors for Producing Recombinant Proteins by Gene Targeting
Exogenous genes can be site-specifically integrated into the genomic DNA of animals by homologous recombination, generating transgenic animals. These animals have a clear hereditary background, although positi...
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Protocol
Generation of Conditional Knockout Mice by Sequential Insertion of Two loxP Sites In Cis Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Single-Stranded DNA Oligonucleotides
Conditional knockout (cKO) mice are extremely valuable for biomedical research because they enable detailed analyses of gene functions in a tissue- or temporally-specific fashion. The conventional method for g...
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Protocol
Chimeric Mouse Generation by ES Cell Blastocyst Microinjection and Uterine Transfer
The ability to generate chimeric mice through microinjecting embryonic stem (ES) cells into blastocysts is a critical step for the conventional ES cell-mediated knockout technology. In recent years, designer n...
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Protocol
Using CRISPR/Cas9 for Gene Knockout in Immunodeficient NSG Mice
NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice are an immunodeficient strain that enables human cell xenografts. However, NSG mice possess a complex genetic background that would complicate cross-breeding with other...
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Protocol
A Novel Colorimetric PCR-Based Biosensor for Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause viral infection that attacks the liver and it is a major global health problem that puts people at a high risk of death from cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. HBV has i...
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Protocol
A Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensor for Odorant Detection Using Single Bioengineered Olfactory Sensory Neurons as Sensing Element
A light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS), a silicon-based surface potential detector, is combined with bioengineered olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) for odorant detection. A LAPS chip is used as a tran...
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Protocol
Customized Optimization of Metabolic Pathways by Combinatorial Transcriptional Engineering
Introduction of a heterologous metabolic pathway into a platform microorganism for applications in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology is often technically straightforward. However, the major challenge...