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The Management of Neurological Symptoms in Palliative Care
Neurological disease is a major cause of disability and death across the world. There is increasing evidence that palliative care is effective in...
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End of Life Care: Context, Goals, and Challenges
This chapter aims to tackle end of life issues for patients and their families. It will reflect on the process of disease to understand when “end of...
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Accessing Palliative Care: Challenges and Opportunities
Access to palliative services is significant issue facing policymakers around the globe. Much of this discussion is centered on the important...
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Advance Care Planning in Palliative Care
Advance care planning is a person-centered process to enable a person to express their preferences for future health care. Advance care planning is...
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Approach and Nature of Palliative Care
Caring for people who are near the end of life has a relatively short timeframe as a specialist health care activity. In this chapter, the history of...
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Lecture 4: Thermoregulation and Homeostasis
Skin temp may be 32 °C when room temp is 24 °C. Body core is maintained at ~37 °C (36.5–37.5), 0.4 °C less if measured orally. Why do you think that...
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Lectures 25 and 26: Reproductive System
The purpose of sexual reproduction is to produce offspring that are genetically different from their parents. This production of genetic diversity...
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Adaptations of the Maternal Brain to Meet the Increased Energy Demands of Pregnancy and Lactation
In adult mammals, peripheral signals of energy balance act on central circuits to match energy intake with energy expenditure. The unique metabolic...
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Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy
Hormone-induced adaptations occur in many aspects of maternal physiology during gestation. Before these changes can be initiated, the newly formed...
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Regulation of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Pregnancy and Lactation
Physiological and behavioural responses to stress are critical to ensure individual survival in all species. This is even more important when the...
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Neuroendocrinology of Perinatal Mental Illness
Mental illness during pregnancy and the postpartum period is a growing health crisis. We know that at least 1 in 7 women during the perinatal...
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Molecular Biotechnology: From DNA Sequence to Therapeutic Protein
Therapeutic proteins have become a valuable addition to the repertoire of drugs to treat patients with severe diseases. Therapeutic proteins differ...
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Insulin
Insulin was discovered by Banting and Best in 1921. Soon afterwards, manufacturing processes were developed to extract the insulin from porcine and...
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Antibody-Based Biotherapeutics in Inflammatory Diseases
Inflammatory diseases encompass a broad and diverse spectrum of serious chronic disorders, many of which have significant need for safe and effective...
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Antibody-Based Biotherapeutics in Migraine
Migraine is a common, chronic, primary headache disorder characterized by attacks of headache and accompanying symptoms, with a significant personal...
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Vaccines
Vaccines are among the most successful health interventions against infectious diseases currently available. They prevent infectious diseases and are...
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Biosimilars: Principles, Regulatory Framework, and Societal Aspects
A “generic” version of a biopharmaceutical may be introduced after patents and other exclusivity rights expire. However, the generic paradigm as it...
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
In this chapter, recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) products are discussed. Over the years, several different FSH products were...
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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Therapeutic Proteins and Nucleic Acids
The rational use of drugs and the design of effective dosage regimens are facilitated by the appreciation of the central paradigm of clinical...
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Hematopoietic Growth Factors
Hematopoiesis is an intricate, well-regulated, and homeostatic multistep process that allows immature precursor cells in the bone marrow to...