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Article
Estimating Causal Effects of Interventions on Early-life Environmental Exposures Using Observational Data
We discuss how epidemiologic studies have used observational data to estimate the effects of potential interventions on early-life environmental exposures. We summarize the value of posing questions about inte...
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Article
Statistical Approaches for Investigating Periods of Susceptibility in Children’s Environmental Health Research
Children’s environmental health researchers are increasingly interested in identifying time intervals during which individuals are most susceptible to adverse impacts of environmental exposures. We review rece...
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Article
Lipid and Creatinine Adjustment to Evaluate Health Effects of Environmental Exposures
Urine- and serum-based biomarkers are useful for assessing individuals’ exposure to environmental factors. However, variations in urinary creatinine (a measure of dilution) or serum lipid levels, if not adequa...