61 Result(s)
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Biomedicine, general
Neurobiology
Neurosciences
**u Tao
Article
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Article
The cerebellum modulates thirst
The cerebellum, a phylogenetically ancient brain region, has long been considered strictly a motor control structure. Recent studies have implicated the cerebellum in cognition, sensation, emotion and autonomi...
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The subcommissural organ regulates brain development via secreted peptides
The subcommissural organ (SCO) is a gland located at the entrance of the aqueduct of Sylvius in the brain. It exists in species as distantly related as amphioxus and humans, but its function is largely unknown...
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Anterior cingulate learns reward distribution
Muller et al. demonstrate that reward signals recorded from the frontal cortex of nonhuman primates exhibit a population-based scheme for learning probability distributions over reward values. This study provi...
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Microglia enhance post-anesthesia neuronal activity by shielding inhibitory synapses
Microglia are resident immune cells of the central nervous system and play key roles in brain homeostasis. During anesthesia, microglia increase their dynamic process surveillance and interact more closely wit...
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Somatosensory cortex and central amygdala regulate neuropathic pain-mediated peripheral immune response via vagal projections to the spleen
Pain involves neuroimmune crosstalk, but the mechanisms of this remain unclear. Here we showed that the splenic T helper 2 (TH2) immune cell response is differentially regulated in male mice with acute versus chr...
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An ACC–VTA–ACC positive-feedback loop mediates the persistence of neuropathic pain and emotional consequences
The central mechanisms underlying pain chronicity remain elusive. Here, we identify a reciprocal neuronal circuit in mice between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that m...
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The medial preoptic area mediates depressive-like behaviors induced by ovarian hormone withdrawal through distinct GABAergic projections
Fluctuations in reproductive hormone levels are associated with mood disruptions in women, such as in postpartum and perimenopausal depression. However, the neural circuit mechanisms remain unclear. Here we re...
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Open AccessComputational complexity drives sustained deliberation
Economic deliberations are slow, effortful and intentional searches for solutions to difficult economic problems. Although such deliberations are critical for making sound decisions, the underlying reasoning s...
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Lipid-accumulated reactive astrocytes promote disease progression in epilepsy
Reactive astrocytes play an important role in neurological diseases, but their molecular and functional phenotypes in epilepsy are unclear. Here, we show that in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and ...
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Analysis of the caudate nucleus transcriptome in individuals with schizophrenia highlights effects of antipsychotics and new risk genes
Most studies of gene expression in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia have focused on cortical regions, but subcortical nuclei such as the striatum are prominently implicated in the disease, and curr...
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Mechanically evoked defensive attack is controlled by GABAergic neurons in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus
Innate defensive behaviors triggered by environmental threats are important for animal survival. Among these behaviors, defensive attack toward threatening stimuli (for example, predators) is often the last li...
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Fear learning induces α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated astrocytic responsiveness that is required for memory persistence
Memory persistence is a fundamental cognitive process for guiding behaviors and is considered to rely mostly on neuronal and synaptic plasticity. Whether and how astrocytes contribute to memory persistence is ...
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Interneuron origin and molecular diversity in the human fetal brain
Precise generation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons is crucial for proper formation and function of neural circuits in the mammalian brain. Because of the size and complexity of the human brai...
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Genetically identified amygdala–striatal circuits for valence-specific behaviors
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays essential roles in behaviors motivated by stimuli with either positive or negative valence, but how it processes motivationally opposing information and participates in est...
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Rescue of maternal immune activation-induced behavioral abnormalities in adult mouse offspring by pathogen-activated maternal Treg cells
Maternal immune activation (MIA) induced by lipopolysaccharides or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid injections can induce behavioral abnormalities in adult mouse offspring. Here, we used the soluble tachyzoite ...
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Medial preoptic area antagonistically mediates stress-induced anxiety and parental behavior
Anxiety is a negative emotional state that is overly displayed in anxiety disorders and depression. Although anxiety is known to be controlled by distributed brain networks, key components for its initiation, ...
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Distinct thalamocortical circuits underlie allodynia induced by tissue injury and by depression-like states
In humans, tissue injury and depression can both cause pain hypersensitivity, but whether this involves distinct circuits remains unknown. Here, we identify two discrete glutamatergic neuronal circuits in male...
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Rare rewards amplify dopamine responses
Dopamine prediction error responses are essential components of universal learning mechanisms. However, it is unknown whether individual dopamine neurons reflect the shape of reward distributions. Here, we use...
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Mesophasic organization of GABAA receptors in hippocampal inhibitory synapses
Information processing in the brain depends on specialized organization of neurotransmitter receptors and scaffolding proteins within the postsynaptic density. However, how these molecules are organized in sit...
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A circadian rhythm-gated subcortical pathway for nighttime-light-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice
Besides generating vision, light modulates various physiological functions, including mood. While light therapy applied in the daytime is known to have anti-depressive properties, excessive light exposure at n...
