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Physico-Geographical Conditions of the Caspian Sea
The main physico-geographical features of the Caspian Sea are under consideration. They include brief description of the coasts, bottom relief and...
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Degradation and Preservation of Organic Matter in Marine Sediments
Organic matter that is deposited in aquatic sediments is subject to an intense diagenetic reactor that determines how much organic carbon is...
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Present Status of Antifouling Systems in Japan: Tributyltin Substitutes in Japan
An international conference held by the International Maritime Organization in October 2001 adopted an “International convention on the control of...
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Assessment of Organic Compounds in the Rhine Estuary
Over the past centuries the Rhine estuary has changed from a natural, hardly disturbed estuary into an anthropogenetically influenced area that...
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Geochemistry of the Amazon Estuary
The Amazon River supplies more freshwater to the ocean than any other river in the world. This enormous volume of freshwater forces the estuarine...
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Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Great Lakes
This chapter reviews the scientific understanding of the concentrations, trends, and cycling of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Great...
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Sulfur and Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles
This chapter aims to review recent developments in the synthesis of sulfur and nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds under conditions that...
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Spectroscopic Study of the Structure of Zetekitoxin AB
Zetekitoxin (former name: atelopidtoxin) was reported by Mosher and colleagues in 1969 as a potent, water-soluble, guanidinium toxin found in...
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The Chemistry of 2-(1H)-Pyrazinones in Solution and on Solid Support
An overview on the microwave-enhanced synthesis and decoration of the 2(1H)-pyrazinone system is presented. Scaffold decoration using...
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In silico Studies on PPARγ Agonistic Heterocyclic Systems
Several heterocyclic derivatives like oxazolidinediones, thiazolidinediones, tetarazoles, phenoxazines, etc. are being developed for the treatment...
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Structural Information and Drug–Enzyme Interaction of the Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Based on Computational Chemistry Approaches
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as nevirapine, TIBO, HEPT, and efavirenz, are very specific to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase...
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Manganese(III)-Based Peroxidation of Alkenes to Heterocycles
Synthesis of endoperoxides and hydroperoxides using tris(2,4-pentanedionato)manganese(III) or manganese(III) acetate is described. The reaction of...
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Rab GTPases in Plant Endocytosis
The Rab family is part of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. In eukaryotes Rab GTPases are present as members of gene families, and the...
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Why Somatic Plant Cells Start to form Embryos?
Embryogenesis in plants is not restricted to the fertilized egg cell but can be naturally or artificially induced in many different cell types,...
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Somatic and Zygotic Embryogenesis in Avocado
Avocado is a species widely cultivated for its highly nutritious fruit. Currently, soil-borne diseases such as Phytophthora root rot are severe...
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Protein Markers for Somatic Embryogenesis
The capacity for somatic embryogenesis is a remarkable property of plant cells. Somatic embryogenesis is the process by which somatic cells...
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MDR/PGP Auxin Transport Proteins and Endocytic Cycling
Auxin is an essential regulator of plant growth and development. Polarized transport of auxin is responsible for apical dominance, tropic growth,...
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Somatic Embryogenesis in Genera Medicago: an Overview
This chapter outlines the details of somatic embryogenesis in genera Medicago. Various factors that influence the process of somatic embryo...
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Somatic Embryogenesis in Rose: Gene Expression and Genetic Transformation
Induction of somatic embryogenesis in roses involves several critical steps requiring specific tissue culture media compositions and particular...
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Somatic Embryogenesis of Pine Species: From Functional Genomics to Plantation Forestry
Several economically important tree species belong to the genus Pinus and many of them form the ecological base of forest ecosystems. Pine wood is...