Critical Loads and Dynamic Risk Assessments
Nitrogen, Acidity and Metals in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems
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Potential of Extensification of European and Dutch Agriculture for a More Sustainable Food System Focusing on Nitrogen and Livestock
Most strategies for future focus on sustainable of production of and involve an increase of (N) use, production and risk of N pollution. In this chapter, we explore the potential of sustainable ...
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Global Challenges for Nitrogen Science-Policy Interactions: Towards the International Nitrogen Management System (INMS) and Improved Coordination Between Multi-lateral Environmental Agreements
Human interference with the cycle has doubled inputs to the biosphere over the past century, leading to changes across multiple environmental issues that require urgent action. Nitrogen and have allo...
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Article
Open AccessImpact hotspots of reduced nutrient discharge shift across the globe with population and dietary changes
Reducing nutrient discharge from wastewater is essential to mitigating aquatic eutrophication; however, energy- and chemicals-intensive nutrient removal processes, accompanied with the emissions of airborne co...
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Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition on Forest Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity
Nitrogen deposition has a beneficial or adverse effect on the provision of several forest ecosystem services, depending on the level of nitrogen deposition and the service considered. Biodiversity and water qu...
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Quantification of the contribution of nitrogen fertilization and crop harvesting to soil acidification in a wheat-maize double crop** system
Over fertilization with nitrogen (N) is considered the main driver of agricultural soil acidification in China. However, the contribution of this driver compared to other causes of soil acidification on intens...
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Options for kee** the food system within environmental limits
The food system is a major driver of climate change, changes in land use, depletion of freshwater resources, and pollution of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems through excessive nitrogen and phosphorus inputs...
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Open AccessAssessment of uncertainties in greenhouse gas emission profiles of livestock sectors in Africa, Latin America and Europe
The global animal food chain has a large contribution to the global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but its share and sources vary highly across the world. However, the assessment of GHG emission...
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Book
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The History and Current State of Critical Loads and Dynamic Modelling Assessments
This book focuses on knowledge and methods for the assessment of indirect, soil mediated effects of the deposition of sulphur dioxide, oxidized nitrogen and reduced nitrogen on terrestrial and aquatic ecosyste...
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Assessing the Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition on Plant Species Richness in Europe
Dose-Response (D-R) relationships derived from nitrogen (N) addition experiments and N deposition gradient studies are extrapolated over natural and (semi-)natural grasslands in Europe, using a European land c...
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Synthesis
This chapter first presents an overview of findings described in this book. This includes a summary of the combined use of empirical and model-based approaches, main results of these analyses, and their releva...
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Field Survey Based Models for Exploring Nitrogen and Acidity Effects on Plant Species Diversity and Assessing Long-Term Critical Loads
Empirical critical loads are based on current evidence for relationships between the rate of pollutant deposition and changes to ecosystems observed in experiments and surveys. When considering longer-term cha...
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Plant Species Diversity Indicators for Use in the Computation of Critical Loads and Dynamic Risk Assessments
Soil models can be used to derive critical loads by computing the deposition that leads to critical limits for abiotic conditions, i.e. conditions that are just tolerated by an ecosystem. In this chapter vario...
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Mass Balance Approaches to Assess Critical Loads and Target Loads of Metals for Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems
Critical loads of heavy metals address not only ecotoxicological effects on organisms in soils and surface waters, but also food quality in view of public health. A critical load for metals is the load resulti...
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Critical Loads of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury and Their Exceedances in Europe
In this chapter information is summarized on the assessment of the risk of impacts of cadmium, lead and mercury emissions and related depositions of these metals, with an emphasis on natural areas in Europe. D...
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Dynamic Geochemical Models to Assess Deposition Impacts of Metals for Soils and Surface Waters
This chapter describes the use of geochemical models to assess the impacts of the deposition of metals on the concentrations of metals in soils and surface waters. We describe three dynamic models: SMART2-meta...
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Effects-Based Integrated Assessment Modelling for the Support of European Air Pollution Abatement Policies
Critical load and exceedance based indicators for effects of air pollution are used to define and compare air pollution abatement scenarios, thus assisting in the framing of policies and strategies, of emissio...
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Geochemical Indicators for Use in the Computation of Critical Loads and Dynamic Risk Assessments
This chapter provides an overview of geochemical indicators for nitrogen (N), acidity, and metals in soil and water (soil solution, ground water and surface water) in view of their impacts on different endpoin...
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Mass Balance Models to Derive Critical Loads of Nitrogen and Acidity for Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems
This chapter describes the standard approaches (mass balance models) to calculate critical loads of nutrient nitrogen (N) as well as for sulphur (S) and N acidity for both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. T...
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Dynamic Geochemical Models to Assess Deposition Impacts and Target Loads of Acidity for Soils and Surface Waters
This chapter presents four geochemical dynamic models (VSD, MAGIC, ForSAFE and SMARTml) that have been used to assess impacts of nitrogen and acidity inputs on soil and soil solution chemistry. These models di...
