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Article
Open AccessStructure of the type IV secretion system in different strains of Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an intracellular organism in the Order Rickettsiales that infects diverse animal species and is causing an emerging disease in humans, dogs and horses. Different strains have very dif...
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Article
Open AccessBenzimidazole resistance of sheep nematodes in Norway confirmed through controlled efficacy test
Resistance against benzimidazoles (BZ) has recently been detected in Norwegian sheep flocks through a large scale prevalence survey based on the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). The use of this test in...
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Article
Open AccessPrevalence of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in Norway
In the period of 2008–2009, the efficacies of the benzimidazole (BZ) albendazole and the macrocyclic lactone (ML) ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of small ruminants were evaluated by means ...
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Article
Open AccessProphylactic treatment with flumethrin, a pyrethroid (Bayticol®, Bayer), against Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in lambs
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) causes the disease tick-borne fever (TBF) in domestic ruminants and has for decades been one of the main scourges for the sheep industry in the coasta...
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Article
Open AccessPrevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection and effect on lamb growth
A major challenge in sheep farming during the grazing season along the coast of south-western Norway is tick-borne fever (TBF) caused by the bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum that is transmitted by the tick Ixod...
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Article
Open AccessWorm control practice against gastro-intestinal parasites in Norwegian sheep and goat flocks
Anthelmintic treatment is the most common way of controlling nematode infections in ruminants. However, several countries have reported anthelmintic resistance (AR), representing a limitation for sustainable s...
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Article
Open AccessA comparative study of clinical manifestations, haematological and serological responses after experimental infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in two Norwegian sheep breeds
It has been questioned if the old native Norwegian sheep breed, Old Norse Sheep (also called Norwegian Feral Sheep), normally distributed on coastal areas where ticks are abundant, is more protected against ti...
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Article
Open AccessBorrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from migratory birds in Southern Norway
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) are the causative agent for Lyme borreliosis (LB), the most common tick-borne disease in the northern hemisphere. Birds are considered important in the global dispersal of t...
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Article
Open AccessA morphological and molecular study of Anaplasma phagocytophilum transmission events at the time of Ixodes ricinus tick bite
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) in humans and tick-borne fever (TBF) in ruminants. The bacterium invades and replicates in phagocytes, especially in polym...
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Article
Open AccessVariant -and individual dependent nature of persistent Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of tick-borne fever in ruminants and human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis (HGA). The bacterium is able to survive for several months in immune-competent sheep by m...
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Article
Open AccessSuperinfection occurs in Anaplasma phagocytophilum infected sheep irrespective of infection phase and protection status
Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in domestic ruminants is widespread in the coastal areas of southern Norway. The bacteria may persist in mammalian hosts. Several genetic variants of A. phagocytophilum exist. ...
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Article
Open AccessOccurrence of haemolytic Mannheimia spp. in apparently healthy sheep in Norway
The occurrence of Mannheimia species in healthy sheep has only been investigated to a very limited extend since the genus and its five named species were established. The aim of the present study was to evaluate ...
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Article
High seroprevalence of granulocytic ehrlichiosis distinguishes sheep that were the source of an alimentary epidemic of tick-borne encephalitis
A sheep herd from which contaminated cheese was produced, causing 21 cases of alimentary tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in human beings, was tested serologically for the presence of specific antibodies against ...
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Reduced weight gain due to subclinical Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) infection
Tick-borne fever (TBF) is caused by the rickettsia Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) and is a common disease in sheep in areas of Norway infested by Ixodes ricinus ticks. TBF can cause...
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Article
Reduced Weight Gain Due to Subclinical Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) Infection
Tick-borne fever (TBF) is caused by the rickettsia Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) and is a common disease in sheep in areas of Norway infested by Ixodes ricinus ticks. TBF can cause...
