Abstract
Air pollution, owing to gaseous pollutants, especially NOx, VOCs (toluene), acidic gas (H2S), and elemental mercury (Hg0), and the resulting climate issues have become major concerns. Carbon-based catalysts play a key role in removing toxic gases through selective catalytic reduction (SCR), oxidation, and adsorption processes. Catalyst selection has a crucial effect on the final toxic gas removal performance of catalyst. Herein, strategies for modifying carbon-based catalysts through physical or chemical treatment/activation, metal oxide do**, and heteroatom do** are systematically reviewed. In addition, the effects of the carbonization temperature, pore structure, heteroatom dopants, and oxidizing agents on the surface area, pore structure, and catalytic effects of carbon-based catalysts are analyzed and discussed. Finally, the further direction and need for develo** carbon-based catalysts for environmental remediation is prospected.
Highlights
-
Carbon-based catalysts for environmental remediation are discussed.
-
Modification strategies for carbon-based catalysts are provided in detail.
-
Various air pollutant-removal performances of the modified catalyst are briefed.
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Challenges and future prospects of carbon catalysts are presented.
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Data availability
The authors have included all the relevant data and the source of freely available data in the manuscript.
Abbreviations
- AC:
-
Activated catalyst
- C/SAC-2:
-
Chemically activated catalyst
- Co/SAC-2:
-
Co-activated catalyst
- NOAC:
-
N- and O-doped AC
- NHPC:
-
N-doped hierarchical porous carbon
- NPC:
-
N-doped porous carbon
- NSDG-10:
-
N- and S-doped nanoporous carbon
- PBC900 :
-
P-doped biochar
- PAN:
-
Polyacrylonitrile
- P/SAC:
-
Physically activated catalyst
- SAC:
-
Sargassum-Based carbon
- SCR:
-
Selective catalytic reduction
- SMC-900:
-
S-doped mesoporous carbon
- SSA:
-
Specific surface area
- WS:
-
Wheat straw
- NG:
-
Nitrogen doped graphene
- ORR:
-
Oxygen reductive reaction
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Acknowledgements
This research was financially supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2021R1I1A3050146 & RS-2023-00249553), the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (No. RS-2023-00218203), and Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as Waste to energy recycling Human resource development Project.
Funding
This research was financially supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2021R1I1A3050146 & RS-2023-00249553), the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (No. RS-2023-00218203), and Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as Waste to energy recycling Human resource development Project.
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Jae Hwan Yang: Conceptualization, review, editing, and supervision. Ajit Dattatray Phule: Conceptualization, writing-original draft preparation, writing-review and editing. Md. Wahad Uz Zaman: writing-review and editing. Sahar Elkaee: writing-review and editing. Seul Yi Kim: writing-review and editing. Sang Gyu Lee: writing-review and editing. Gibeom Park: writing-review and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Phule, A.D., Zaman, M.W.U., Elkaee, S. et al. Carbon-Based Catalysts for Clean Environmental Remediation. Int J Environ Res 18, 3 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-023-00554-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-023-00554-6