Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently considered as central regulators in diverse biological processes and emerged as vital players controlling tumorigenesis. Several lncRNAs can be classified into oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes depending on their function in cancer. A maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) gene transcripts a 1.6 kb lncRNA whose act as an antitumor component in different cancer cells, such as breast, liver, glioma, colorectal, cervical, gastric, lung, ovarian and osteosarcoma cancer cells. The present review highlights biological function of MEG3 to repress tumor through regulating the major tumor suppressor genes p53 and Rb, inhibiting angiogenesis-related factor, or controlling miRNAs. On the other hand, previous studies have also suggested that MEG3 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, deregulation of MEG3 is associated with the development and progression of cancer, suggesting that MEG3 may function as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for human cancers.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) under the grant 1-17-01-001-0066.
Acronyms and Abbreviations
CRCColorectal cancer
cAMPCyclic AMP
DMRsDifferentially methylated regions.
DBDDNA binding domain
DNMTsDNA methyltransferases
URHF1E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase
GDF15Growth/differentiation factor-15
HCCHepatocellular carcinoma
HDACsHistone Deacetylases
HIF-1αHypoxia-Inducible Factor
IG-DMRIntergenic DMR
MEG3Maternally expressed gene 3
MDM2Murine/human double minute 2
NSCLCNon-small cell lung cancer
PCNAProliferating-cell nuclear antigen
CREResponse element
Rb`Retinoblastoma
TET2The ten–eleven translocation
TGF-βTransforming growth factor
TNMTumor node metastasis
TP53Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
VEGFVascular endothelial growth factor
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Al-Rugeebah, A., Alanazi, M. & Parine, N.R. MEG3: an Oncogenic Long Non-coding RNA in Different Cancers. Pathol. Oncol. Res. 25, 859–874 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-019-00614-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-019-00614-3