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Involvement of nitric oxide-induced NADPH oxidase in adventitious root growth and antioxidant defense in Panax ginseng

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Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) affects the growth and development of plants and also affects plant responses to various stresses. Because NO induces root differentiation, we examined whether or not it is involved in increased ROS generation. Treatments with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), a specific NO scavenger, and Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME), an NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, revealed that NO is involved in the adventitious root growth of mountain ginseng. Supply of an NO donor, SNP, activates NADPH oxidase activity, resulting in increased generation of O2 ·−, which subsequently induces growth of adventitious roots. Moreover, treatment with diphenyliodonium chloride (DPI), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, individually or with SNP, inhibited root growth, NADPH oxidase activity, and O2 ·− anion generation. Supply of the NO donor, SNP, did not induce any notable isoforms of enzymes; it did, however, increase the activity of pre-existing bands of NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes induced by SNP supply seems to be responsible for a low level of H2O2 in the adventitious roots of mountain ginseng. It was therefore concluded that NO-induced generation of O2 ·− by NADPH oxidase seems to have a role in adventitious root growth of mountain ginseng. The possible mechanism of NO involvement in O2 ·− generation through NADPH oxidase and subsequent root growth is discussed.

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Abbreviations

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

DHA:

Dehydroascorbate

DPI:

Diphenyl iododonium chloride

DTT:

Dithiothreitol

EDTA:

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid

GR:

Glutathione reductase

l-NAME:

Nω-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride

NOX:

NADPH oxidase

POD:

Peroxidase

PTIO:

2-Phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SNP:

Sodium nitroprusside

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

XTT:

2,3-bis(2-Methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide sodium salt

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development (MOE), the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE), the Ministry of Labor (MOLAB), and the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) for financial support (MOST).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, South Korea

    Rajesh Kumar Tewari, Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek

  2. Glycomics Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea

    Rajesh Kumar Tewari & Soohyun Kim

Authors
  1. Rajesh Kumar Tewari
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  2. Soohyun Kim
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  3. Eun-Joo Hahn
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  4. Kee-Yoeup Paek
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Correspondence to Kee-Yoeup Paek.

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Tewari, R.K., Kim, S., Hahn, EJ. et al. Involvement of nitric oxide-induced NADPH oxidase in adventitious root growth and antioxidant defense in Panax ginseng . Plant Biotechnol Rep 2, 113–122 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-008-0052-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-008-0052-9

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