Abstract
Tannery sludge (TS) contains high levels of organic matter and chemical elements, mainly chromium (Cr). This can increase its toxicity, rendering it unsuitable for application to soil. However, composting has been proposed as an alternative method for detoxifying TS before its addition to soil. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic potential of untreated (TS) and composted (CTS) tannery sludge in solid and solubilized samples. Seed germination and root growth bioassays were performed with Lactuca sativa, while chromosomal aberrations were assessed using the Allium cepa bioassay. In solid samples, the L. sativa bioassay showed that TS adversely affected germination and root growth, while CTS had a negative affect only on root growth. In solubilized samples, only TS showed significant adverse effects on seed germination and root growth. In both solid and solubilized samples, TS and CTS showed cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects on A. cepa. Thus, results demonstrated that the composting of TS does not result in its complete detoxification. For this reason, TS and CTS cannot be recommended for agricultural use, since they may increase the risk of environmental contamination and crop damage.
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Acknowledgments
Matheus de Moraes Cunha Gonçalves thanks CAPES for his scholarship. Ademir Sergio Ferreira de Araujo, Angela Celis de Almeida Lopes, Regina Lucia Ferreira Gomes, José Baldin Pinheiro, and Wanderley José de Melo thank CNPq for their fellowship of research.
Funding
This study was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (grant 305069/2018-1) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).
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de Moraes Cunha Gonçalves, M., de Almeida Lopes, A.C., Gomes, R.L.F. et al. Phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity of composted tannery sludge. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 34495–34502 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09662-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09662-8