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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Trends of electronic waste pollution and its impact on the global environment and ecosystem

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This article was retracted on 14 March 2024

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Abstract

Electronic waste (e-waste) is used for all electronic/electrical devices which are no more used. Conventionally, waste management policies are desfig

handle the traditional waste. Although e-waste contains toxic materials, however, its management is rarely focused by policy makers; therefore, its negative impact on the global environment, ecosystem, and human health is aggravated. The review outlines the categories of e-waste materials, major pollutants including ferrous/non-ferrous metals, plastics, glass, printed circuit boards, cement, ceramic, and rubber beside, some valuable metals (such as copper, silver, gold, platinum). Toxic elements from e-waste materials, released in the air, water, and soil, include arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and lead, causing pollution. Although their roles in biological systems are poorly identified, however, they possess significant toxic and carcinogenic potential. It is therefore critical to monitor footprint and device strategies to address e-waste-linked issues from manufacturing, exportation, to ultimate dum**, including technology transmissions for its recycling. This review traces a plausible link among e-waste condition at a worldwide dimension, as far as settlement procedures to keep it secure and carefully monitored when traded. Their fate in the three spheres of the earth, i.e., water, soil, and air, impacts human health. The strategies and regulation to handle e-waste generation at the global level have been discussed.

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Funding

The corresponding author (Wajid Nasim) is grateful to the Higher Education Commission (HEC) for the research project (NRPU 3393) and highly acknowledged for funding to carry out the research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan

    Rida Akram,  Natasha, Muhammad Mubeen, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad & Wajid Nasim

  2. Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Ambar, KPK, Pakistan

    Shah Fahad & Muhammad Adnan

  3. Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

  4. Department of Environmental Sciences, Bhauddin Zakerya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Abdul Wahid

  5. Department of Plant Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Naeem Khan

  6. Department of Agronomy, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani

  7. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Muhammadd Awais

  8. Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan

    Mazhar Abbas

  9. Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan, Pakistan

    Khurram Shahzad

  10. Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture (MNSUA), Multan, Pakistan

    Khurram Shahzad

  11. Department of Agronomy, Bhauddin Zakerya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Shakeel Ahmad

  12. Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Pakistan

    Wajid Nasim

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  1. Rida Akram
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  2. Natasha
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  3. Shah Fahad
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  9. Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani
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  12. Khurram Shahzad
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  13. Shakeel Ahmad
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  14. Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
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  15. Wajid Nasim
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Shah Fahad or Wajid Nasim.

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Akram, R., Natasha, Fahad, S. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Trends of electronic waste pollution and its impact on the global environment and ecosystem. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 16923–16938 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04998-2

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