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Sensitive and selective spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II) ion following its preconcentration using modified magnetite nanoparticles and 3-phasic backextraction

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Abstract

We report on a method for selective extraction and backextraction for the ultra-sensitive determination of Pd(II). Magnetite nanoparticles modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate were used to extract Pd(II) as its green 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphtholate complex prior to zero- and first-derivative spectrophotometric determination at 659 and 681 nm, respectively. A sample volume of 70 mL was backextracted with 0.50 mL of n-butanol in a 3-phasic system. The effects of reaction time and the other variables were optimized. The enrichment factor is 134 and the calibration plots are linear in the range from 2 to 90 ng mL-1 of Pd(II). The detection limit is 0.3 ng mL-1 and the relative standard deviations and recoveries at levels of 10 and 72 ng mL-1 of Pd(II) are in the range from 1.1–4.9%, and from 98.5–102.6%, respectively. Most ions do not significantly interfere. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Pd(II) in water and urine samples, alloys, and palladium catalysts.

The new SPE method was developed for the preconcentration-spectrophotometric determination of palladium using dodecyl sulfate coated magnetite nanoparticles as adsorbrnt and then backextraction by a low volume of n-butanol in a novel 3-phasic backextraction. The established SPE method proved to be efficient for palladium determination and provided satisfactory recoveries and precisions.

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Acknowledgement

The authors wish to thank the Research Council of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili for the financial support of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran

    Habibollah Eskandari & Maryam Khoshandam

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  1. Habibollah Eskandari
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  2. Maryam Khoshandam
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Correspondence to Habibollah Eskandari.

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Sensitive and selective spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II) ion following its preconcentration using modified magnetite nanoparticles and 3-phasic backextraction (DOC 164 kb)

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Eskandari, H., Khoshandam, M. Sensitive and selective spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II) ion following its preconcentration using modified magnetite nanoparticles and 3-phasic backextraction. Microchim Acta 175, 291–299 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-011-0674-4

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