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Integrative Application of Soil Conditioners and Bio-augmentation for Enhanced Heavy Metal Stabilization from Wastewater and Improved Growth of Nicotiana alata L. and Petunia hydrida L.

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Abstract

Wastewater generated from industries contains numerous contaminants, among which heavy metals (HMs) are non-degradable. This research work highlights the use of commonly used ornamental plants, Nicotiana alata L. and Petunia hydrida L., with compost (C) and peat moss (M), and rhizospheric bacterial augmentation using Pseudomonas japonica, for the phytostabilization of HMs from synthetic wastewater. After plant–soil acclimatization, plants were exposed for 6 weeks to synthetic wastewater, containing cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc concentrations (based on the HMs level of wastewaters collected from textile and pharmaceutical industry). Physiological response, biochemical status, and enzymatic fluctuations of plants and the distribution of HMs in plant parts and soil, were quantified. With the combined use (5% each v/v conditioner/soil) of C and M, in bio-augmented soil, physiological response and enzymatic status of both plants improved, with decreased stress injury due to HMs. Further, the plant HMs uptake was reduced, with better stabilization of HM in soil. For better phytostabilization of HMs in wastewater, the use of compost, peat moss, and bacterial augmentation is recommended with Nicotiana alata L. and Petunia hydrida L.

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Acknowledgements

This work was carried out due to the funding by Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan to first author, Mr. Khan, under Indigenous 5000 PhDs scheme (Funding number 2AV1-084, 2012). The Authors also want to acknowledge the support by Dr. Hassaan Javed, from Department of Plant Sciences, QAU, Pakistan, for providing the spectrophotometry facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

    Aqib Hassan Ali Khan, Amna Kiyani, Mazhar Iqbal & Sohail Yousaf

  2. Environment and Climate Change Section, Ministry of Planning, Development and Special Initiatives, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Aqib Hassan Ali Khan

  3. National Centre for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Ammar Sabir Cheema

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Usman Tareen

  5. Department of Bio Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Ismat Nawaz

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  1. Aqib Hassan Ali Khan
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Khan, A.H.A., Kiyani, A., Cheema, A.S. et al. Integrative Application of Soil Conditioners and Bio-augmentation for Enhanced Heavy Metal Stabilization from Wastewater and Improved Growth of Nicotiana alata L. and Petunia hydrida L.. J Plant Growth Regul 40, 240–253 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10094-4

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