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Recent advances in immunodiagnostics based on biosensor technologies—from central laboratory to the point of care

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Abstract

Immunological methods are widely applied in medical diagnostics for the detection and quantification of a plethora of analytes. Associated analytical challenges usually require these assays to be performed in a central laboratory. During the last several years, however, the clinical demand for rapid immunodiagnostics to be performed in the immediate proximity of the patient has been constantly increasing. Biosensors constitute one of the key technologies enabling the necessary, yet challenging transition of immunodiagnostic tests from the central laboratory to the point of care. This review is intended to provide insights into the current state of this transition process with a focus on the role of biosensor-based systems. To begin with, an overview on standard immunodiagnostic tests presently employed in the central laboratory and at the point of care is given. The review then moves on to demonstrate how biosensor technologies are resha** this landscape. Single analyte as well as multiplexed immunosensors applicable to point of care scenarios are presented. A section on the areas of clinical application then creates the bridge to day-to-day diagnostic practice. Finally, the depicted developments are critically weighed and future perspectives discussed in order to give the reader a firm idea on the forthcoming trends to be expected in this diagnostic field.

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Abbreviations

Ab:

Antibody

AFP:

Alpha-fetoprotein

AKI:

Acute kidney injury

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

BPE:

Bipolar electrode

BNP:

B-type natriuretic peptides

CA199:

Cancer antigen 19-9

CBP:

Calcium-binding protein

CDx:

Companion diagnostics

CEA:

Carcinoembryonic antigen

CK-MBmass :

Creatinine kinase MB

CLIA:

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments

ECL:

Electrochemiluminescence

FRET:

Förster resonance energy transfer

GMR:

Giant magnetoresistance

HRP:

Horseradish peroxidase

IGFBP-7:

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7

ICT:

Immunochromatographic test

IFN-γ:

Interferon-γ

IL-n:

Interleukin n

ISF:

Interstitial fluid

IVD:

In vitro diagnostics

KIM-1:

Kidney injury molecule-1

LFA:

Lateral flow immunoassays

LFD:

Lateral flow device

LLOD:

Lower limits of detection

MW:

Molecular weight

NGAL:

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin

NWA:

Nanowell array

PMMA:

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

POCT:

Point-of-care testing

PSA:

Prostate-specific antigen

PTFE:

Polytetrafluoroethylene

SAW:

Surface acoustic wave

SPCE:

Screen-printed carbon electrode

SPE:

Screen-printed electrode

SPR:

Surface plasmon resonance

SWNT:

Single-wall carbon nanotube

TDM:

Therapeutic drug monitoring

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

TPA:

Tripropylamine

TSH:

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

TIMP-2:

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2

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Funding

This work was supported in part by the European Commission (NANODEM, #318372) and the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Q-Flow, #13N13867 and KAREL, #13GW0154D).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany

    Andreas Poschenrieder, Markus Thaler & Peter B. Luppa

  2. Institut für Klinische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany

    Ralf Junker

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  1. Andreas Poschenrieder
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Correspondence to Peter B. Luppa.

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Published in the topical collection New Developments in Biosensors with guest editors Francesco Baldini and Maria Minunni.

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Poschenrieder, A., Thaler, M., Junker, R. et al. Recent advances in immunodiagnostics based on biosensor technologies—from central laboratory to the point of care. Anal Bioanal Chem 411, 7607–7621 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01915-x

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