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Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals in Soils and Wetlands: Concepts and Applications

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Environmental Remediation Technologies for Metal-Contaminated Soils

Abstract

Over centuries, industrial, mining and military activities, agriculture, farming, and waste practices have contaminated soils and wetlands in many countries with high concentrations of toxic metals. In addition to their negative effects on ecosystems and other natural resources, toxic metals pose a great danger to human health. Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot be degraded, and clean-up usually requires their removal. Most of the conventional remedial methods have lost economic favor and public acceptance because they are expensive and cause degradation of soil fertility that subsequently results in adverse impacts on the ecosystem. Conventional methods of environmental remediation do not solve the problem; rather they merely transfer it to future generation. Obviously, there is an urgent need for alternative, cheap, and efficient methods to clean-up sites contaminated with toxic metals.

Phytoremediation, a plant-based green technology, is cost effective, environmental friendly, aesthetically pleasing approach for the remediation of toxic metals. Due to its elegance and the extent of contaminated areas, phytoremediation approaches have already received significant scientific and commercial attention. Two approaches have been proposed for the phytoremediation of toxic metals from soils and wetlands: natural and induced phytoremediation. Natural phytoremediation refers to the use of hyper-accumulating plants and associated soil microbes, while the induced phytoremediation refers to the use chemicals, especially synthetic chelating ligands, for the increase of metal bioavailability and uptake in plants. Recently, genetically modified plants (GMPs) have been proposed to use in phytoremediation technology; however, this approach is being hindered by ideology-driven restrictive legislation over the use of GMPs. We will discuss the concepts and practical applications of phytoremediation technologies for the restoration of contaminated soils and wetlands.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Environmental Sustainability, School of the Environment, University of Technology Sydney, 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia

    M. Azizur Rahman

  2. School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia

    Suzie M. Reichman

  3. School of the Environment, University of Technology Sydney, 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia

    Luigi De Filippis

  4. Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany

  5. Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan

    Hiroshi Hasegawa

Authors
  1. M. Azizur Rahman
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  2. Suzie M. Reichman
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  3. Luigi De Filippis
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  4. Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany
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  5. Hiroshi Hasegawa
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Correspondence to M. Azizur Rahman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Japan

    Hiroshi Hasegawa

  2. Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

    Ismail Md. Mofizur Rahman

  3. School of the Environment, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Mohammad Azizur Rahman

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Rahman, M.A., Reichman, S.M., De Filippis, L., Tavakoly Sany, S.B., Hasegawa, H. (2016). Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals in Soils and Wetlands: Concepts and Applications. In: Hasegawa, H., Rahman, I., Rahman, M. (eds) Environmental Remediation Technologies for Metal-Contaminated Soils. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55759-3_8

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