Abstract
Dip coating (DC) is the utmost ancient, extensively used and commercially available thin film deposition process among several wet chemical thin film deposition approaches. This chapter explores the introduction, literature, experimental setup, reaction mechanism, effect of preparative parameters along with advantages and disadvantages of dip coating methods. This chapter summarizes experimental arrangement with growth kinetics, role of various preparative parameters inclusive of the key achievements made in the field of nanostructure thin film deposited through dip coating. Case studies of the dip coating method have been included separately with their application towards gas sensor, supercapacitor electrode and counter electrode in a dye sensitized solar cell.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- ADDC:
-
Angle Dependent Dip Coating
- CE:
-
Counter Electrode
- CNT:
-
Carbon Nanotubes
- DDW:
-
Double Distilled Water
- DSSC:
-
Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
- FTO:
-
Fluorine doped tin oxide
- LPG:
-
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
- MWCNT’s:
-
Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes
- PDOT:PSS:
-
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate
- SS:
-
Stainless Steel
- TE:
-
Thermal Energy
References
D. Grosso, How to exploit the full potential of the dip-coating process to better control film formation. J. Mater. Chem. 21(43), 17033–17038 (2011)
C.J. Brinker, A.J. Hurd, G.C. Frye, P.R. Schunk, C.S. Ashley, The sol-gel thin film formation. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 99(1154), 862–877 (1991)
A.M.M. Musa, S.F.U. Farhad, M.A. Gafur, A.T.M.K. Jamil, Effects of withdrawal speed on the structural, morphological, electrical, and optical properties of CuO thin films synthesized by dip-coating for CO2 gas sensing. AIP Adv. 11(11) (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0060471
Z. Hu, J. Zhang, S. **ong, Y. Zhao, Performance of polymer solar cells fabricated by dip coating process. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 99, 221–225 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2011.12.002
M. Adnan, J.K. Lee, All sequential dip-coating processed perovskite layers from an aqueous lead precursor for high efficiency perovskite solar cells. Sci. Rep. 8(1) (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20296-2
S.S. Karade, S.S. Raut, H.B. Gajare, P.R. Nikam, R. Sharma, B.R. Sankapal, Widening potential window of flexible solid-state supercapacitor through asymmetric configured iron oxide and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes assembly. J. Energy Storage 31 (2020)
L. Landau, B. Levich, Dragging of a liquid by a moving plate, in Dynamics of Curved Fronts (Elsevier, 1988), pp. 141–153
L. Scherino, M. Giaquinto, A. Micco, A. Aliberti, E. Bobeico, V. La Ferrara, M. Ruvo, A. Ricciardi, A. Cusano, A time-efficient dip coating technique for the deposition of microgels onto the optical fiber tip. Fibers 6(4), 72 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/fib6040072
S.S. Karade, B.R. Sankapal, Room temperature PEDOT:PSS encapsulated MWCNTs thin film for electrochemical supercapacitor. J. Electroanal. Chem. 771, 80–86 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.04.012
P.A. Mithari, A.C. Mendhe, B.R. Sankapal, S.R. Patrikar, Process optimization of dip-coated MWCNTs thin-films: counter electrode in dye sensitized solar cells. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 98(11) (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2021.100195
L.E. Scriven, Physics and applications of dip coating and spin coating. MRS Online Proc. Libr. (OPL) 121 (1988)
A. Isabel et al., Sol-gel glass coating synthesis for different applications: active gradient-index materials, microlens arrays and biocompatible channels, in Recent Applications in Sol-Gel Synthesis (2017), pp. 231–252
E. Rio, F. Boulogne, Withdrawing a solid from a bath: how much liquid is coated?. 247, 100–114 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2017.01.006
K.T. Chaudhary, Thin film deposition: solution based approach, in Thin Films (IntechOpen, 2021)
C.J. Brinker, Dip coating, in Chemical Solution Deposition of Functional Oxide Thin Films (Springer-Vienna, 2013), pp. 233–261
E.S. Dewi, S. Alaa, D.W. Kurniawidi, S. Rahayu, Optical properties of a thin film synthesized from lidah mertua plant (Sansevieria tifasciata) using a dip coating method. Indones. Phys. Rev. 2(3), 123–126 (2019). https://doi.org/10.29303/ipr.v2i3.34
X. Tang, X. Yan, Dip-coating for fibrous materials: mechanism, methods and applications. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 81(2), 378–404 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4197-7
H. Uchiyama, D. Shimaoka, H. Kozuka, Spontaneous pattern formation based on the coffee-ring effect for organic-inorganic hybrid films prepared by dip-coating: effects of temperature during deposition. Soft Matter 8(44), 11318–11322 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sm26328a
R.D. Deegan, O. Baka**, T.F. Dupont, G. Huber, S.R. Nagel, T.A. Witten, Capillary flow as the cause of ring stains from dried liquid drops. Nature 389(6653), 827–829 (1997)
A. Hurd, Evaporation and surface tension effects in dip coating, in Advances in Chemistry, vol. 234 (1994), pp. 433–450
A.J. Hurd, C.J. Brinker, Sol-gel film formation by dip coating. MRS Online Proc. Libr. (OPL) 180 (1990)
T. Touam et al., Effects of dip-coating speed and annealing temperature on structural, morphological and optical properties of sol-gel nano-structured TiO2 thin films. EPJ Appl. Phys. 67(3) (2014). https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2014140228
Z. Yang et al., Influence of dip-coating temperature upon film thickness in chemical solution deposition. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 28(4) (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2018.2795245
A.A.R. Eberle, Angle-dependent dip-coating technique (ADDC) an improved method for the production of optical filters. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 218, 156–162 (1997)
N. Al-Dahoudi, Wet chemical deposition of transparent conducting coatings made of redispersable crystalline ITO nanoparticles on glass and polymeric substrates (2003)
D.P. Dubal, G.S. Gund, C.D. Lokhande, R. Holze, Decoration of spongelike Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles onto MWCNTs using an easily manipulated chemical protocol for supercapacitors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5(7), 2446–2454 (2013)
F.S. Awan, M.A. Fakhar, L.A. Khan, U. Zaheer, A.F. Khan, T. Subhani, Interfacial mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-deposited carbon fiber epoxy matrix hierarchical composites. Compos. Interfaces 25(8), 681–699 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2018.1439620
M. Sánchez, M.E. Rincón, Sensor response of sol-gel multiwalled carbon nanotubes-TiO2 composites deposited by screen-printing and dip-coating techniques. Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 140(1), 17–23 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2009.04.006
J.D.M. Sung-Soon Park, Microstructure effects in multidipped tin oxide films. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 78(10), 2669–2672 (1995)
S.K. Rajan, K.N. Marimuthu, M. Priya, Synthesis of ZnO nano rods by dip coating method. Arch. Appl. Sci. Res. 4, 1996–2000 (2012)
S.H. Chaki, M.P. Deshpande, J.P. Tailor, Characterization of CuS nanocrystalline thin films synthesized by chemical bath deposition and dip coating techniques. Thin Solid Films 550, 291–297 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.11.037
S.C. Ray, K. Mallick, Cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin film for photovoltaic applications. Int. J. Chem. Eng. Appl. 183–186 (2013). https://doi.org/10.7763/ijcea.2013.v4.290
J.M. Luther, M. Law, Q. Song, C.L. Perkins, M.C. Beard, A.J. Nozik, Structural, optical, and electrical properties of self-assembled films of PbSe nanocrystals treated with 1,2-ethanedithiol. ACS Nano 2(2), 271–280 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/nn7003348
E.H. Kwon, Y.J. Jang, G.W. Kim, M. Kim, Y.D. Park, Highly crystalline and uniform conjugated polymer thin films by a water-based biphasic dip-coating technique minimizing the use of halogenated solvents for transistor applications. RSC Adv. 9(11), 6356–6362 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09231a
A.B. Gurav et al., Superhydrophobic coatings prepared from methyl-modified silica particles using simple dip-coating method. Ceram. Int. 41(2), 3017–3023 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.10.137
T. Furusaki, J. Takahashi, K. Kodaira, Preparation of ITO thin films by sol-gel method. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. Int. Ed. 102(2), 202–207 (1994). https://doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.102.200
D. Gallagher, S. Francis, R. Houriet, H.J. Mathieu, T.A. Ring, Indium-tin oxide thin films by metal-organic decomposition. J. Mater. Res. 8(12), 3135–3144 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1993.3135
Y. Altin, A.C. Bedeloglu, Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate-coated carbon nanofiber electrodes via dip-coating method for supercapacitor applications. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 32, 28234–28244 (2021)
Q. Zheng et al., Supporting information transparent conductive films consisting of ultra-large graphene sheets produced by Langmuir-Blodgett assembly. ACS Nano 5(7), 6039–6051 (2011)
G. Giancane et al., Aligning single-walled carbon nanotubes by means of Langmuir-Blodgett film deposition: optical, morphological, and photo-electrochemical studies. Adv. Funct. Mater. 20(15), 2481–2488 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201000290
K. Lambert et al., Langmuir-Schaefer deposition of quantum dot multilayers. Langmuir 26(11), 7732–7736 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/la904474h
I.I. Perepichka, A. Badia, C.G. Bazuin, Nanostrand formation of block copolymers at the air/water interface. ACS Nano 4(11), 6825–6835 (2010)
X. Liu, Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, R. Li, W. Hu, Continuous and highly ordered organic semiconductor thin films via dip-coating: the critical role of meniscus angle. Sci. China Mater. 63(7), 1257–1264 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-020-1297-7
S. Sathish, B.C. Shekar, R. Sathyamoorthy, Nano polymer films by fast dip coating method for field effect transistor applications. Phys. Procedia 49, 166–176 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2013.10.023
N.B. Sonawane, R.R. Ahire, K.V. Gurav, J.H. Kim, B.R. Sankapal, PEDOT:PSS shell on CdS nanowires: room temperature LPG sensor. J. Alloys Compd. 592, 1–5 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.12.090
V.R. Shinde, H.S. Shim, T.P. Gujar, H.J. Kim, W.B. Kim, A solution chemistry approach for the selective formation of ultralong nanowire bundles of crystalline Cd(OH)2 on substrates. Adv. Mater. 20(5), 1008–1012 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200701828
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Patil, S., Sankapal, S.R., Almuntaser, F.M.A. (2023). Dip Coating: Simple Way of Coating Thin Films. In: Sankapal, B.R., Ennaoui, A., Gupta, R.B., Lokhande, C.D. (eds) Simple Chemical Methods for Thin Film Deposition. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0961-2_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0961-2_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-0960-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-0961-2
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)