Abstract
The epicardium is an essential actor during heart development since its active participation in cardiac cell differentiation via cellular contact and paracrine activity. These cellular and molecular events are necessary for restoring and repairing the adult heart during injury. The mechanistic involvement of the epicardium remains a vital component of intrinsic cardiac repair. Moreover, the growth of neovasculature can be initiated by activating endogenous epicardial stem cells. In human patients, epicardium may be an ideal source of stem cells for cellular therapy of the diseased heart. Therefore, identifying specific cardiac stem or progenitor cells in the epicardium and their activation to stimulate them for participation in the repair process will offer a novel option for the treatment of the injured heart. We aim to discuss the significance of epicardial and cardiac stem/progenitors, key molecular pathways in their activation and epicardial secretome, sub-epicardial niche, and therapeutic targeting of epicardium for cardiac recovery.
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Abbreviations
- bFGF:
-
Basic fibroblast growth factor
- CRISPR:
-
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- ECM:
-
Extracellular matrix
- EMT:
-
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- ESC:
-
Embryonic stem cell
- FACS :
-
Fluorescence-activated cell sorter
- FGF:
-
Fibroblast growth factor, i.e., FGF-1
- Ggpps:
-
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
- Hif-1:
-
Hypoxia inducible factor-1
- iEPDCs:
-
Inducible epicardium-derived cells
- Isl-1:
-
Insulin gene enhancer protein-1
- lncRNAs:
-
Long non-coding RNAs
- miRNA:
-
microRNA
- ncRNA:
-
Non-coding RNA
- P7:
-
Postnatal day 7
- ROS :
-
Reactive oxygen species
- Sca-1:
-
Stem cell antigen-1
- Sub-epicardium:
-
Epicardium and sub epicardium
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All authors state that they have no competing interests in this work. We sincerely regret to colleagues whose work could not be cited or highlighted due to space constraints. FK has been funded by TÜBİTAK (#115S185).
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Kocabaş, F. (2023). Therapeutic Targeting of Epicardial and Cardiac Progenitors in the Heart Regeneration. In: Haider, K.H. (eds) Cardiovascular Applications of Stem Cells. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0722-9_11
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