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Microgrid Primary Controller Performance Characterization

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Real-Time Simulation and Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing Using Typhoon HIL

Part of the book series: Transactions on Computer Systems and Networks ((TCSN))

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Abstract

This chapter reviews the main types of primary controllers for grid-forming converters found in microgrids with multiple distributed converter-based energy resource units. The main type of primary controllers are droop, virtual synchronous generator and dispatchable virtual oscillator, and some variations are described aiming to reveal their dynamic behavior and select their control parameters. This establishes the foundations for a fair comparison among the primary control alternatives considered. The large and small signal models for the primary controllers are derived, and it is demonstrated how the primary controller parameters impact the steady-state and transient behaviors; in addition, time domain simulation on Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) illustrates their performance. Since the microgrid controller presents different scenarios of operation, an automated Test-Driven Design (TDD) reveals from extensive simulations in the time domain the strong and weak points of each primary controller. Initially, metrics for both steady-state and transient performances are defined. Then, the key scenarios based on each operating mode such as grid-connected, islanded and unplanned islanding are selected to carry out the tests. Finally, an automated report is given, revealing the strengths and weaknesses of each considered a primary controller.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. UFSM, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, Brazil

    Alexandre T. Pereira

  2. UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil

    Humberto Pinheiro, Jorge R. Massing, Henrique Magnago & Fernanda Carnielutti

  3. UNIPAMPA, Av. Tiaraju, 810, Alegrete, Brazil

    Márcio Stefanello

Authors
  1. Alexandre T. Pereira
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  2. Humberto Pinheiro
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  3. Márcio Stefanello
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  4. Jorge R. Massing
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  5. Henrique Magnago
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  6. Fernanda Carnielutti
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexandre T. Pereira .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Sultanpur, India

    Saurabh Mani Tripathi

  2. Centre for Smart Grid, Department of Engineering,, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK

    Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt

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Pereira, A.T., Pinheiro, H., Stefanello, M., Massing, J.R., Magnago, H., Carnielutti, F. (2023). Microgrid Primary Controller Performance Characterization. In: Tripathi, S.M., Gonzalez-Longatt, F.M. (eds) Real-Time Simulation and Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing Using Typhoon HIL. Transactions on Computer Systems and Networks. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0224-8_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0224-8_9

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-99-0223-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-99-0224-8

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