Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is recognized as a causative agent for acute and chronic gastritis. In addition, infection caused by H. pylori often leads to the development of peptic ulcer, gastric lymphoma, and gastric cancer. Chronic H. pylori infection affects approximately 50% of the world’s population. After infection, H. pylori can bind tightly to gastric epithelial cells by multiple bacterial membrane adhesins and damages gastric mucosa. An exotoxin secreted by H. pylori induces apoptosis of epithelial cells. H. pylori can also stimulate a pro-inflammatory Th1 response involving interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-8 as well as IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). An attempt to treat H. pylori infection with antibiotics such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and proton pump inhibitors, however, causes serious side effects and recent success rate has also been decreased due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant H. pylori. Hence there is an urgent need to explore therapeutic and preventive efficacy of naturally occurring indigenous probiotic microorganisms to counter the early stages of acute infection. Several in vitro studies have reported that probiotic bacteria such as various species of lactobacillus or their cell-free cultures inhibit or kill H. pylori. Probiotics exhibit its anti-H. pylori activities by secreting bactericidal metabolites, decrease the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, attenuate H. pylori associated hypochlorhydria, and prevent adhesion of H. pylori to mammalian epithelial cells. In addition, several meta-analyses have revealed the beneficial effects of probiotics when used in combination with the standard therapy. This combination increases H. Pylori eradication rate and decreases standard therapy related adverse effects. In this regard, administration of probiotic microorganisms along with triple therapy achieved a success rate against the H. pylori infection.
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Debnath, N., Yadav, A.K. (2021). Indigenous Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains to Combat Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori: Microbial Interference Therapy. In: Pawar, S.V., Rishi, P. (eds) Probiotic Research in Therapeutics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6236-9_9
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