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Impact of Chemotherapeutic Drugs Towards Oxidative Stress and Associated Multi-organ Physiological Responses

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Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Therapeutic Aspects

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Abstract

Cancer represents a large burden on the global healthcare system, and many cancer chemotherapeutics are included on the World Health Organization’s list of essential medicines. However, the utility of these life-saving drugs is compromised by a series of dose-limiting adverse effects targeting multiple organ systems in the body. Indeed, the cytotoxic nature of these medications, required to kill cancer cells, often also impacts the viability of nonmalignant cell types. While many of these adverse events are rare and non-life-threatening, some are all too frequent, associated with debilitating symptoms, and have proven to contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in patients even following complete cancer remission. In this chapter, we focus on four main organ systems known to be damaged following cancer chemotherapy: the cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys, and peripheral nervous system. We highlight incidences, symptoms, and long-term complications of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, which often depend on the unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of individual drugs. For each system, we go on to describe particularly problematic agents, what is known from both the clinical and preclinical literature regarding the mechanism(s) underlying off-target cytotoxicity, and therapies that have proven efficacious in mitigating these adverse events. Agents discussed include anthracyclines, antibody-based agents, platinum-based drugs, antimetabolites, alkaloids, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and antiestrogenic compounds. For many cancer patients, physicians must carefully balance the risk for long-term health complications with the need for life-saving therapies. Thus, ongoing efforts in the field seek to investigate the acute and chronic side effects associated with cancer chemotherapeutics with the ultimate goal of develo** more efficacious and/or selective drugs or identifying useful adjuvants to ameliorate or prevent adverse effects associated with currently marketed pharmaceuticals.

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Author information

Author notes

  1. Adele Stewart and Biswanath Maity contributed equally with all other contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences campus, Lucknow, UP, India

    Sreemoyee Chakraborti & Biswanath Maity

  2. Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA

    Adele Stewart

Authors
  1. Sreemoyee Chakraborti
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  2. Adele Stewart
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  3. Biswanath Maity
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Adele Stewart or Biswanath Maity .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Sajal Chakraborti

Section Editor information

  1. Chair and Department of Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, KrakĂłw, Poland

    Maria Walczak

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Tapati Chakraborti

  3. Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Pulak Kar

  4. University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India

    Somasri Dam

  5. Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Kuntal Dey

  6. Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA

    Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan

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Chakraborti, S., Stewart, A., Maity, B. (2022). Impact of Chemotherapeutic Drugs Towards Oxidative Stress and Associated Multi-organ Physiological Responses. In: Chakraborti, S. (eds) Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Therapeutic Aspects. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5422-0_248

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