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Neuroblastoma Tumor Microenvironment: Non-Immune Cells and Exosomes

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Neuroblastoma

Part of the book series: Pediatric Oncology ((PEDIATRICO))

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Abstract

Schwann cells (SC), endothelial cells (EC), pericytes, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are non-immune cells present in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of neuroblastoma (NB) tumors. These cells communicate with neuroblastoma (NB) cells through contact-dependent and contact-independent mechanisms which stimulate the production of soluble cytokines and chemokines that contribute to a pro-tumorigenic inflammatory reaction. Their roles in the TME of NB are substantially different and can be anti- as well as pro-tumorigenic. There is recent evidence that although these cells are not part of the immune system, they communicate with immune cells, modulating the immune response and often promoting immune escape. As our knowledge on the contribution of non-immune stromal cells in NB continues to expand, therapeutic approaches targeting these cells are considered. In this chapter, the role of SC, EC, and CAF, their mechanisms of communication with NB cells and immune cells, and recent clinical trials targeting these cells or their activity are reviewed in the context of recent literature.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA

    Lucia Borriello

  2. Fox Chase Cancer Center, Cancer Signaling and Tumor Microenvironment Program, Philadelphia, USA

    Lucia Borriello

  3. The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Laurence Blavier & Yves A. DeClerck

  4. Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Laurence Blavier & Yves A. DeClerck

  5. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Yves A. DeClerck

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  1. Lucia Borriello
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  2. Laurence Blavier
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  3. Yves A. DeClerck
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Correspondence to Yves A. DeClerck .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Shahab Asgharzadeh

  2. Department of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Frank Westermann

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Borriello, L., Blavier, L., DeClerck, Y.A. (2024). Neuroblastoma Tumor Microenvironment: Non-Immune Cells and Exosomes. In: Asgharzadeh, S., Westermann, F. (eds) Neuroblastoma. Pediatric Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51292-6_9

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