How to Investigate a Criminal Psychopath?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Fieldwork Experiences in Criminology and Security Studies

Abstract

Psychopathy is one of the most destructive psychiatric disorders found in any society, not only for the severity and violence of the behaviors it engenders but also because it requires the use of a broad range of services, from the prison and justice system to health and welfare services. While the study of psychopathy in adults can be complex, it is even more so in children, hindered by much academic debate over whether a child can have psychopathic tendencies. This chapter expounds the theories that respond to the question of why some people are psychopaths and then discusses where to find, how to access, and how to evaluate them, as well as the ethical and emotional risks involved in working with this type of profile.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
EUR 29.95
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
EUR 128.39
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
EUR 171.19
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    In my research, I use the term “child” to refer to those under 14 years, adolescent for those above 14 years of age, and I use the term “minors” to refer to both groups.

References

  • Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. (1995). Fear and the human amygdala. The Journal of Neuroscience, 15(6), 5879–5891.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Andershed, H., Kerr, M., & Levander, M. K. S. (2002). On the operationalization of psychopathy: Further support for a three-faceted personality oriented model. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 106(Suppl. 412), 81–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, J., Colledge, E., Murray, L., & Mitchell, D. (2001). A selective impairment in the processing of sad and fearful expressions in children with psychopathy tendencies. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29, 491–498.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blair, J. R., Mitchell, D., & Blair, K. (2005a). The psychopath. Emotion and the brain. Blackwell Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, R. J., Budhani, S., Colledge, E., & Scott, S. (2005b). Deafness to fear in boys with psychopathic tendencies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 46, 327–336.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brazil, K., & Forth, A. (2016). Psychopathy checklist: Youth version (PCL:YV) (pp. 1–5).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brislin, S. J., Yancey, J. R., Perkins, E. R., Palumbo, I. M., Drislane, L. E., Salekin, R. T., Fanti, K. A., Kimonis, E. R., Frick, P. J., Blair, R. J. R., & Patrick, C. J. (2018). Callousness and affective face processing in adults: Behavioral and brain-potential indicators. Personality Disorders, 9, 122–132.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cornell, D. G., Warren, J., Hawk, G., Stafford, E., Oram, G., & Pine, D. (1996). Psychopathy in instrumental and reactive violent offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 783–790.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dadds, M. R., El Masry, Y., Wimalaweera, S., & Guastella, A. J. (2008). Reduced eye gaze explains “fear blindness” in childhood psychopathic traits. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 455–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Wied, M., Van Boxtel, A., Matthys, W., & Meeus, W. (2012). Verbal, facial and autonomic responses to empathy-eliciting film clips by disruptive male adolescents with high versus low callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 211–223.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeMatteo, D., Heilbrun, K., & Marczyk, G. (2006). An empirical investigation of psychopathy in a noninstitutionalized and noncriminal sample. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 24, 133–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Espinoza, F. A., Vergara, V. M., Reyes, D., Anderson, N. E., Harenski, C. L., Decety, J., Rachakonda, S., Damaraju, E., Rashid, B., Miller, R. L., Koenigs, M., Kosson, D. S., Harenski, K., Kiehl, K. A., & Calhoun, V. D. (2018). Aberrant functional network connectivity in psychopathy from a large (N = 985) forensic sample. Human Brain Map**, 39, 2624–2634.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Essau, C. A., Sasagawa, S., & Frick, P. J. (2006). Callous-unemotional traits in a community sample of adolescents. Assessment, 13, 454–469.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fairchild, G., Stobbe, Y., Van Goozen, S. H., Calder, A. J., & Goodyer, I. M. (2010). Facial expression recognition, fear conditioning, and startle modulation in female subjects with conduct disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 272–279.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fede, S. J., Harenski, C. L., Schaich Borg, J., Sinnott-Armstrong, W., Rao, V., Caldwell, B. M., Nyalakanti, P. K., Koenigs, M. R., Decety, J., Calhoun, V. D., & Kiehl, K. A. (2016). Abnormal fronto-limbic engagement in incarcerated stimulant users during moral processing. Psychopharmacology, 233, 3077–3087.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Frick, P. J., & Ray, J. V. (2014). Evaluating callous-unemotional traits as a personality construct. Journal of Personality, 83, 710–722.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frick, P. J., Bodin, S. D., & Barry, C. T. (2000). Psychopathic traits and conduct problems in community and clinic-referred samples of children: Further development of the psychopathy screening device. Psychological Assessment, 12, 382–393.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frick, P. J., et al. (2005). Callous–unemotional traits in predicting the severity and stability of conduct problems and delinquency. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(5), 471–487.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frick, P. J., Ray, J. V., Thornton, L. C., & Kahn, R. E. (2014). Can callous-unemotional traits enhance the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of serious conduct problems in children and adolescents? A comprehensive review. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haas, S. M., et al. (2018). Callous-unemotional traits are uniquely associated with poorer peer functioning in school-aged children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46(5), 781–793.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hare, R. D. (1996). Psychopathy: A clinical construct whose time has come. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 23(1), 25–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hare, R. D. (2016). Psychopathy, the PCL-R, and criminal justice: Some new findings and current issues. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 57(1), 21–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2010). The role of antisociality in the psychopathy construct: Comment on Skeem and Cooke (2010). Psychological Assessment, 22(3), 446–454.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kyranides, M. N., et al. (2017). Triarchic dimensions of psychopathy in young adulthood: Associations with clinical and physiological measures after accounting for adolescent psychopathic traits. Personality Disorders, 8(2), 140–149.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leist, T., & Dadds, M. R. (2009). Adolescents’ ability to read different emotional faces relates to their history of maltreatment and type of psychopathology. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 14(2), 237–250.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Romero, L., Romero, E., & Villar, P. (2017). Developmental trajectories of youth conduct problems: Testing later development and related outcomes in a 12-year period. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 48(4), 619–631.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lynam, D. R. (1998). Early identification of the fledgling psychopath: Locating the psychopathic child in the current nomenclature. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107(3), 566–575.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Masip, J. (2017). Deception detection: State of the art and future prospects. Psicothema, 29(2), 149–159.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meffert, H., et al. (2018). Moderation of prior exposure to trauma on the inverse relationship between callous-unemotional traits and amygdala responses to fearful expressions: An exploratory study. Psychological Medicine, pp., 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mokros, A., et al. (2015). Variants of psychopathy in adult male offenders: A latent profile analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124(2), 372–386.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pardini, D. A., & Byrd, A. L. (2012). Perceptions of aggressive conflicts and others’ distress in children with callous-unemotional traits: ‘I’ll show you who’s boss, even if you suffer and I get in trouble’. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 53(3), 283–291.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pardini, D. A., et al. (2012). The clinical utility of the proposed DSM-5 callous-unemotional subtype of conduct disorder in young girls. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(1), 62–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patrick, C. J., & Drislane, L. E. (2014). Triarchic model of psychopathy- origins, Operationalizations, and observed linkages with personality and general psychopathology. Journal of Personality, 83(4), 627–643.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phelps, E. A., & LeDoux, J. E. (2005). Contributions of the amygdala to emotion processing: From animal models to human behavior. Neuron, 48(2), 175–187.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salekin, R. T., Worley, C., & Grimes, R. D. (2010). Treatment of psychopathy: A review and brief introduction to the mental model approach for psychopathy. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 28(2), 235–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, L. (2007). Risk taking in adolescence. New perspectives from brain and behavioral science. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(3), 55–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stockdale, K. C., et al. (2010). The psychopathy checklist: Youth version and adolescent and adult recidivism: Considerations with respect to gender, ethnicity, and age. Psychological Assessment, 22(4), 768–781.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tamatea, A. (2015). ‘Biologizing’ psychopathy- ethical, legal, and research implications at the Interface of epigenetics and chronic antisocial conduct. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 33(5), 629–643.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wymbs, B. T., et al. (2012). Callous-unemotional traits as unique prospective risk factors for substance use in early adolescent boys and girls. Journal Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(7), 1099–1110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lucía Halty .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Halty, L. (2023). How to Investigate a Criminal Psychopath?. In: Díaz-Fernández, A.M., Del-Real, C., Molnar, L. (eds) Fieldwork Experiences in Criminology and Security Studies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41574-6_20

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation