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Integument

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In a Class of Their Own

Part of the book series: Fascinating Life Sciences ((FLS))

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Abstract

The skin of birds keeps out pathogens and other potentially harmful substances, retains vital fluids and gases, serves as a sensory organ, and produces and supports feathers. This chapter describes the structure of avian skin and explains the functions of unfeathered areas of skin found in some species of birds, like vultures. Interspecific variation in the structure of avian claws and rhamphotheca and the factors that contribute to such variation are discussed. Next, the structure and function of specialized structures like wattles and combs are explained, as are the structure and function of integument glands. Next, the evolution of feathers is discussed, and the structure and function of the different types of feathers are described. Also described in detail is skin and feather color, including the role of pigments and structure. Colors produced by thin- and multi-film interference and photonic structures are also explained. The chapter closes with a discussion of feather parasites and the defenses used by birds to combat those parasites.

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    Gary Ritchison

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Ritchison, G. (2023). Integument. In: In a Class of Their Own. Fascinating Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14852-1_3

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