Abstract
The Mediterranean is a crossroad region for different air masses and, therefore, of many contrasted aerosol types. It has been a natural laboratory to study their long-range transport, the formation of secondary particles from gaseous precursors, the effects of aerosols on the local and regional radiation budgets, and their consequences on air quality, atmospheric dynamics, clouds, precipitation, and climate. This chapter reviews the evolution of observational studies on tropospheric aerosols over the Mediterranean basin and surrounding areas after almost six decades of research. The dispersion of radionuclides following worldwide atmospheric nuclear bomb tests and then intense desert dust episodes were the motivations of the first studies in the 1960s. Our historical perspective describes the evolution of observation strategies in the Mediterranean region. It reflects to what extent the development of new instruments and observation strategies, or the expansion of high quality-high resolution remote sensing data, has contributed to our knowledge of aerosol phenomenology in this region. We review actions including intensive land and cruise field campaigns, surface monitoring stations, air quality studies, ground-based aerosol networks with a special focus on AERONET, satellite surveys, and finally, address aerosol speciation and health impacts.
Chapter reviewed by Jean-Philippe Putaud (Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy), as part of the book part III also reviewed by Silvia Becagli (Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy).
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Stephane Sauvage, Uri Dayan, and the two reviewers Jean-Philippe Putaud and Silvia Becagli are warmly acknowledged for their feedback on the manuscript.
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Dulac, F. et al. (2023). History of Mediterranean Aerosol Observations. In: Dulac, F., Sauvage, S., Hamonou, E. (eds) Atmospheric Chemistry in the Mediterranean Region. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12741-0_8
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