NFTs and the Metaverse Revolution: Research Perspectives and Open Challenges

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Blockchains and the Token Economy

Abstract

The Spatial Web vision aims towards the development of a multidimensional layer to the Web fabric where the physical layer is fused with some virtual environment. Advances in the development of computer-generated virtual words or a metaverse are pushing toward the realization of this vision. This chapter argues that distributed ledger technologies, like blockchain, can enable a ubiquitous and persistent architectural layer for the Spatial Web. The emergence of independent blockchain-based metaverses and decentralized gaming virtual world provides evidence on how the technology can enable this evolution. A blockchain layer offers a standardized infrastructure for tokenizing physical objects and creating their digital footprints in a manner that such tokens (fungible or non-fungible) can be digitally owned, exchanged, and shared. The chapter contributes an analysis of the current status of virtual worlds with a focus on the emerging blockchain-based metaverse and articulates the open challenges and research perspectives for the emerging space of blockchain-based metaverses.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://decentraland.org/blog/announcements/dcl-x-atari/.

  2. 2.

    https://bit.ly/3mkKIrp.

  3. 3.

    The reader is referred to the novel titled Snow Crash. Activeworlds (http://www.activeworlds.com) describes a virtual world that is based on the vision described by the novel.

  4. 4.

    https://opensea.io/collection/neon-district.

  5. 5.

    https://kusama.network/.

  6. 6.

    https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/blob/8b1f2f0900d81d6233e9805442c2b42aa1779d2d/CIP-NFTMetadataStandard.md.

  7. 7.

    https://spl.solana.com/.

  8. 8.

    https://docs.metaplex.com/nft-standard.

  9. 9.

    https://docs.avax.network/build/tutorials/smart-digital-assets/wallet-nft-studio.

  10. 10.

    https://bridge.avax.network/.

  11. 11.

    https://efinity.io/whitepaper/company.

  12. 12.

    https://polkadot.network/.

  13. 13.

    https://polygon.technology/.

  14. 14.

    https://whitepaper.axieinfinity.com/technology/ronin-ethereum-sidechain.

  15. 15.

    https://www.larvalabs.com/cryptopunks. The main CryptoPunks contract can be found at: 0xb47e3cd837dDF8e4c57F05d70Ab865de6e193BBB.

  16. 16.

    https://nftvaluations.com/about.

  17. 17.

    https://upshot.io/.

  18. 18.

    https://drops.co/.

  19. 19.

    https://pandora.finance/.

  20. 20.

    https://uniswap.org/.

  21. 21.

    https://fractional.art/.

  22. 22.

    https://rarity.tools/.

  23. 23.

    https://opensea.io/.

  24. 24.

    Tokens are received in Smooth Love Potions (SLP)—https://etherscan.io/token/0x37236cd05b34cc79d3715af2383e96dd7443dcf1.

  25. 25.

    https://github.com/larvalabs/cryptopunks.

  26. 26.

    https://www.autodesk.eu/products/3ds-max/overview.

  27. 27.

    https://unity.com/.

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Correspondence to Klitos Christodoulou .

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Christodoulou, K., Katelaris, L., Themistocleous, M., Christodoulou, P., Iosif, E. (2022). NFTs and the Metaverse Revolution: Research Perspectives and Open Challenges. In: Lacity, M.C., Treiblmaier, H. (eds) Blockchains and the Token Economy. Technology, Work and Globalization. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95108-5_6

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