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Ophthalmology of Hystricomorpha: Porcupines, Guinea Pigs, Degus, Chinchillas, and Relatives

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Wild and Exotic Animal Ophthalmology

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Abstract

Hystricomorpha is an extremely diverse suborder of Rodentia containing the infraorders Ctenodactyloidea and Hystricognathi. Ctenodactyloidea consists of gundis and Laotian rock rats. Hystricognathi consists of the parvorders Phiomorpha and Caviomorpha. Interestingly, porcupines fall into both groups with Old World porcupines (Hystricidae) members of Phiomorpha, and New World porcupines (Erethizontidae) members of Caviomorpha. Phiomorpha tends to inhabit Africa, Asia, and Europe, while Caviomorpha predominately resides in South America with some species in North America and the Caribbean. Hystricomorphs range in size from the smallest mole rats at 3.5 in. (9 cm) in length and 1.2 oz. (30 g) in weight up to the largest rodent in the world, the capybara, at 48 in. (122 cm) in length and upwards of 150 pounds (68 kg) in weight. Similar to their size, there is great variability in their eyes. The globe of the naked mole rat, Heterocephalus glaber, measures 1.3 mm in diameter while the capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, measures an astounding 22 mm. Ocular morphology is conserved within the suborder, but vision varies greatly.

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  1. Animal Eye Center of New Jersey, Little Falls, NJ, USA

    Bradford J. Holmberg

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  1. Veterinary Medicine Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil

    Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira

  2. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Bret A. Moore

  3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA

    Gil Ben-Shlomo

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Holmberg, B.J. (2022). Ophthalmology of Hystricomorpha: Porcupines, Guinea Pigs, Degus, Chinchillas, and Relatives. In: Montiani-Ferreira, F., Moore, B.A., Ben-Shlomo, G. (eds) Wild and Exotic Animal Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81273-7_18

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