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Advances in Artificial Intelligence for the Identification of Epileptiform Discharges

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Handbook of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Part of the book series: Intelligent Systems Reference Library ((ISRL,volume 211))

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Abstract

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, with millions affected worldwide, disturbing the normal brain activity and causing abnormal dynamics to be initiated in various regions of the brain. In order, to define the different ictal states and thus to evaluate the overall course of the patient, expert clinicians rely on Electroencephalography (EEG) denoting the differentiated events based on their experience and perception. As such, the implementation of cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools can not only alleviate misdetection but also provide a support bases in order to extract additional information regarding epileptic characteristics. In this chapter, AI tools and techniques that comprise distinct frameworks of epilepsy evaluation over the last decade are described while noting the performance, the methodological aspects and challenges. The related AI applications are further reviewed concerning the principles, parameters, complexity, feature selection and classification approaches and their implications in automated system integration and epileptic attributes identification.

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Abbreviations

ADHD:

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ANOVA:

Analysis Of Variance

AI:

Artificial Intelligence

ANN:

Artificial Neural Networks

CT:

Clustering Technique

CNN:

Convolutional NN

DSS:

Decision Support System

DT:

Decision Trees

DTI:

Diffusion Tensor Imaging

DTF:

Directed Transfer Function

DWT:

Discrete Wavelet Transformation

EMD:

Empirical Mode Decomposition

EEG:

Electroencephalogram

ED:

Epileptiform Discharges

EZ:

Epileptogenic Zone

FS:

Feature Selection

FDA:

Fisher Discriminant Analysis

FLP:

Fractional Linear Prediction

FC:

Functional Connectivity

fMRI:

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

FIS:

Fuzzy Inference System

GFD:

Generalized Fractal Dimensions

GP:

Genetic Programming

GE:

Grammatical Evolution

HFO:

High Frequency Oscillations

HOS:

Higher Order Spectra

IED:

Inter-ictal Epileptiform Discharges

ILAE:

International League Against Epilepsy

iEEG:

Intracranial EEG

IMF:

Intrinsic Mode Functions

kNN:

K-Nearest-Neighbor

LS-SVM:

Least Square SVM

LDA:

Linear Discriminant Analysis

LPF:

Linear Prediction Filter

LBP:

Local Binary Patterns

MI:

Mutual Information

NBC:

Naïve Bayes Classifier

NN:

Neural Network

PE:

Permutation Entropy

PSR:

Phase Space Representation

PCA:

Principal Components Analysis

PNN:

Probabilistic NN

RBF:

Radial Basis Function

RF:

Random Forests

RQA:

Recurrence Quantification Analysis

SODP:

Second Order Difference Plots

SOZ:

Seizure Onset Zones

sEEG:

Stereo EEG

SUDEP:

Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy

SVM:

Support Vector Machines

WPT:

Wavelet Packet Transform

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Aikaterini Karampasi, Kostakis Gkiatis, Ioannis Kakkos & George K. Matsopoulos

  2. Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, St Luke’s Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Kostakis Gkiatis & Kyriakos Garganis

Authors
  1. Aikaterini Karampasi
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  2. Kostakis Gkiatis
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  3. Ioannis Kakkos
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  4. Kyriakos Garganis
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  5. George K. Matsopoulos
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Correspondence to Aikaterini Karampasi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia

    Chee-Peng Lim

  2. Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Ashlesha Vaidya

  3. St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Stockton, CA, USA

    Kiran Jain

  4. Avanti Institute of Cardiology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

    Virag U. Mahorkar

  5. KES International, Shoreham-by-Sea, UK

    Lakhmi C. Jain

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Karampasi, A., Gkiatis, K., Kakkos, I., Garganis, K., Matsopoulos, G.K. (2022). Advances in Artificial Intelligence for the Identification of Epileptiform Discharges. In: Lim, CP., Vaidya, A., Jain, K., Mahorkar, V.U., Jain, L.C. (eds) Handbook of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. Intelligent Systems Reference Library, vol 211. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79161-2_1

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