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Environmental Deterioration Due to Existing and Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants: An Overview

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Organic Pollutants

Abstract

Due to increase in industrialization and rapid civilization, excessive numbers of chemicals are being discharged into the atmosphere. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are worldwide concern due to their widespread occurrence, enhanced persistence, distant transference, greater biomagnification and bioaccumulation which could affect the human health and other organisms in the ecosystems. Organic pollutants accumulating in aquatic sediments can adversely affect the benthic organisms, and the same can be thrown back into the ecosystem during resuspension and/or through the food chain from benthic to pelagic organisms and so on. This chapter summarizes the recent findings on the impact of existing and emerging POPs on ecosystem and various organisms including human. In recent years, some of the emerging contaminants including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are classified under POPs, and these contaminants have been widely reported in environment. Though the concentrations of emerging POPs in the environment are presently very low, it has been estimated that they would dramatically increase owing to social and economic development. The impact of these pollutants on humans varies from skin rashes to cancer. Congenital disorders and metabolic diseases due to POPs could have significant health impacts for future generations as well. This chapter also addresses studies looking at the relations between the exposure and consequences of POPs to human health emphasizing the impact of these pollutants with reference to their gender-specific effects. This chapter also reviews a wide array of methods which can be used as markers to identify the effect of persistent pollutants on different organisms. Biomagnification and bioaccumulation were used as a tool for revealing the impact on the aquatic systems. Overall, studies in this field relating to POPs are not abundant, and hence extensive studies need to be conducted to increase our understanding on the health and ecological consequences of these contaminants in order to devise strategies for not only preventing exposure but also for ecological remediation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    H. Thilagam

  2. eProov Assessment Solution, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    S. Gopalakrishnan

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  1. H. Thilagam
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  2. S. Gopalakrishnan
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Water and Soil Processing Lab Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

    M. Vasanthy

  2. Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa’s College (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    V. Sivasankar

  3. Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa’s College (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    T. G. Sunitha

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Thilagam, H., Gopalakrishnan, S. (2022). Environmental Deterioration Due to Existing and Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants: An Overview. In: Vasanthy, M., Sivasankar, V., Sunitha, T.G. (eds) Organic Pollutants. Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72441-2_3

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