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Spring Phenology of the Boreal Ecosystems

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Arctic Hydrology, Permafrost and Ecosystems

Abstract

Ecosystem phenology, i.e., the timing of key biological events, is often considered as both a witness and an actor of climate change. Phenological interannual variations and decadal changes reflect climate variability and trends. Deciduous plant phenology also directly influences the carbon, water, and energy exchanges of the ecosystem with the atmosphere. In the northern forests, a trend to earlier spring has been widely reported, often based on remote sensing methods. This trend is suggested to explain a part of the residual carbon sink. However methodological issues, especially related to the combined effects of the vegetation and of the snow cover seasonal changes on the remote sensing signal, were found to affect the results. This chapter describes a remote sensing green-up retrieval method designed to avoid signal contamination by snow. The result validation with ground observations showed that the method catches the interannual variations in phenology of the plant community. Changes in the 1998–2017 period are analyzed and positioned in a longer term. This shows that the most persistent feature over the last decades is a large-scale shift in the green-up date at the end of the 1980s, and that the green-up date has not recovered yet to its status prior to 1987. Finally the green-up date maps were used to represent phenology in the northern ecosystem carbon budget simulations. No unidirectional effect of phenological changes in the annual carbon balance could be identified because of a complex interplay between vegetation, water resources and climate.

This chapter is dedicated to the memory of Rikie Suzuki.

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Acknowledgments

Many thanks to the authors and coauthors of the published results that are summarized in this chapter, and in particular Elisabeth Beaubien, Sarah Dantec-Nédélec, Dennis Dye, Manuela Grippa, Laurent Kergoat, Hideki Kobayashi, Thuy Le Toan, Fabienne Maignan, Catherine Ottlé, Ghislain Picard, Hisashi Sato, and Sergio Vicente-Serrano. Thanks to VITO for providing SPOT-VEGETATION and PROBA-V data. The algorithm for green-up date extraction from PROBA-V data was implemented on the VITO MEP.

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  1. Laboratoire des Energies de Demain / UMR8586 PRODIG, Université de Paris, UMR CNRS 8236, 75013, Paris, France

    Nicolas Delbart

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  1. Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada

    Daqing Yang

  2. Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA

    Douglas L. Kane

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Delbart, N. (2021). Spring Phenology of the Boreal Ecosystems. In: Yang, D., Kane, D.L. (eds) Arctic Hydrology, Permafrost and Ecosystems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50930-9_19

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