Abstract
Duplications of the ureter represent one of the most common anomalies of the urinary tract, found in 0.5–0.8% of postmortem examinations, 8–10% in children with urinary tract infections, and bilaterally in as high as 40% of cases. The condition occurs more frequently in females. Duplications may be complete or incomplete, with either a bifid appearance or two distinct ureters entering into the bladder, respectively. This can be a variant of normal with the individual being asymptomatic and the duplicated diagnosed incidentally during investigations for other reasons. Symptomatic patients may be found to have ureteral obstruction, vesicoureteric reflux, as well as ectopic ureteral insertions, giving rise to hydronephrosis, infection, and/or incontinence. Treatment aims are to preserve renal function through reduction in infection rates and management of obstructing pathologies.
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Kisa, P., Joseph, V.T., Sloan, K., Hittelman, A.B. (2020). Ureteric Duplications and Ureterocoeles. In: Ameh, E.A., Bickler, S.W., Lakhoo, K., Nwomeh, B.C., Poenaru, D. (eds) Pediatric Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41724-6_90
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41724-6_90
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