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Applications of Lignin in the Agri-Food Industry

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Lignin

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials ((SSPCM))

Abstract

Of late, valorization of agri-food industrial wastes and by-products and their sustainable utilization is gaining much contemplation world over. Globally, ‘Zero Waste Concept’ is promoted with the main emphasis laid toward the generation of minimal wastes and maximal utilization of plant-based agri-food raw materials. One of the wastes/by-products in the agri-food industry is the lignin, which occurs as lignocellulosic biomass. This biomass is deliberated to be an environmental pollutant as they offer resistance to natural biodegradation. Safe disposal of this biomass is often considered a major challenge, especially in low-income countries. Hence, the application of modern technologies to effectively reduce these types of wastes and maximize their potential use/applications is vital in the present-day scenario. Nevertheless, in some of the high-income countries, attempts have been made to efficiently utilize lignin as a source of fuel, as a raw material in the paper industry, as a filler material in biopolymer-based packaging, and for producing bioethanol. However, as of today, agri-food industrial applications remain significantly underexplored. Chemically, lignin is heterogeneous, biopolymeric, and a polyphenolic compound, which is present naturally in plants, providing mechanical strength and rigidity. Reports are available wherein purified lignin is established to possess therapeutic values and are rich in antioxidants, antimicrobial, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic properties, etc. This chapter is divided into four sub-categories focusing on various technological aspects related to isolation and characterization of lignin, established uses of lignin, proved bioactivities and therapeutic potentials of lignin, and finally on identifying the existing research gaps followed by future recommendations for potential use from agri-food industrial wastes.

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Acknowledgements

The theme of this chapter is based on our ongoing project— VALORTECH, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 810630.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R.Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia

    Rajeev Bhat & Ivi Jõudu

  2. Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Aziz Ahmad

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  1. Rajeev Bhat
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  2. Aziz Ahmad
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Correspondence to Rajeev Bhat .

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  1. University Institute of Biotechnology (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India

    Swati Sharma

  2. Department of Biotechnology and Bionformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Ashok Kumar

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Bhat, R., Ahmad, A., Jõudu, I. (2020). Applications of Lignin in the Agri-Food Industry. In: Sharma, S., Kumar, A. (eds) Lignin. Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40663-9_10

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