Abstract
Chilika lagoon is a macrophyte dominated ecosystem. The diversity and distribution of macrophytes provide a key to understand the ecological health of a wetland ecosystem. Chilika lagoon had been in a degraded condition and was included in the Montreux record in 1993 by Ramsar Convention, due to the change in its ecological characters. The restoration intervention by Chilika Development Authority resulted in the enhancement of fishery resources, the reappearance of native fish species, decrease in the spread of freshwater invasive species, expansion of seagrass meadows, and overall improvement of the ecosystem. To make an assessment of the changes in the phytodiversity of the lagoon after hydrological restoration, as a part of the doctoral thesis research work by the first author, phytodiversity of islands, shorelines, sandbar, and the littoral zone was surveyed for a period of 5 years (1998–2002). Subsequently, after a decade, a re-assessment was made for a period of 4 years (2012–2016) by the second author under the World Bank supported Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project, Odisha. Remote sensing and Geographic Information System tools were used for the assessment of the diversity, distribution, and seasonal changes in the aquatic angiosperms as well as for monitoring the spread of the invasive species. The extensive floristic survey after the hydrological intervention revealed a reduction in the area covered by water hyacinth and water fern, invasion of Phragmites karka in the northern sector and expansion of seagrass meadows. Four species of seagrasses i.e., Halodule pinifolia, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovata, and Cymodocea serrulata were recorded for the first time from the lagoon. An occurrence of 748 species of angiosperm belonging to 486 genera under 127 families were recorded, identified, and preserved as herbarium specimens. Based on the outcome of this systematic survey, the strategies for the management of macrophytes in Chilika lagoon and the scope of future studies are recommended.
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Acknowledgement
The authors would like to sincerely acknowledge the World Bank supported Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project Odisha (Credit No. 4765-IN) to Chilika Development Authority through which project entitled “Qualitative and quantitative assessment of biological diversity and distribution pattern of macrophytes (angiospermic plants) of Chilika Lagoon and its adjoining regions” was implemented by the Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The support received from the project field staff Dr. D. Sahoo, Dr. P. K. Acharya, Sri D. P. Barik, Sri S. K. Kar, Sri P. K. Tripathy, Sri S. Mohanty who worked as Research Fellow under the project is sincerely acknowledged.
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Pattnaik, A.K., Panda, P.C., Rastogi, G. (2020). Survey, Characterization, Ecology, and Management of Macrophytes in Chilika Lagoon. In: Finlayson, C., Rastogi, G., Mishra, D., Pattnaik, A. (eds) Ecology, Conservation, and Restoration of Chilika Lagoon, India. Wetlands: Ecology, Conservation and Management, vol 6. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33424-6_16
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