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Macrophyte Diversity and Distribution in Brackish Coastal Lagoons: A Field Survey from Chilika, Odisha

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Coastal Ecosystems

Part of the book series: Coastal Research Library ((COASTALRL,volume 38))

Abstract

Macrophytes are one of the major components that contribute to the primary production in shallow coastal lagoons. These macroscopic plants play a vital role in maintaining the ecological health of water bodies and also in structuring the biotic communities by providing physical structure for colonization and expanding the habitat complexity and heterogeneity. Chilika, the largest brackish water coastal lagoon of India, is situated on the east coast in the state of Odisha. The lagoon is a biodiversity hotspot with high primary productivity due to a rich and diverse community of aquatic macrophytes and phytoplankton. The present chapter summarized the macrophyte studies from coastal lagoons of India and examined the spatiotemporal distribution, composition, and biomass of macrophytes from Chilika Lagoon based on the data derived from 2 years (2018–2019) of systematic field survey. A total of 22 macrophytes belonging to 14 families were identified from 33 sites which included 4 emergent species (Alternanthera philoxeroides, Ipomoea aquatica, Phragmites karka, and Schoenoplectus litoralis), 11 submerged (Ceratophyllum demersum, Najas indica, Stuckenia pectinata, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton nodosus, Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisneria natans, Halophila beccarii, Halophila ovalis, Halodule pinifolia, and Ruppia maritima), 2 rooted with the floating leaves (Nymphaea pubescens and Nymphoides cristata), and 5 free-floating (Azolla pinnata, Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Salvinia cucullata, and Spirodela polyrhiza). Stuckenia pectinata and Najas indica were found in all sectors except the outer channel. A total of 11 macroalgal taxa comprising 6 species of Chlorophyta and 5 species of Rhodophyta were identified. Gracilaria verrucosa was often associated with seagrasses, whereas Chaetomorpha sp. and Ulva sp. were found growing with hard substratum such as rocks, etc., in the southern and central sectors. The seasonality in total macrophyte biomass revealed that it was the highest in winter (4322.38 g m−2) followed by summer (3056.18 g m−2) and monsoon (1957.14 g m−2). Salicornia brachiata, Sesuvium portulacastrum, and Paspalum distichum were abundant salt marshes in the Nalabana Bird Sanctuary of the lagoon. The occurrence of six seagrasses, namely, Halophila ovata, Halophila ovalis, Halophila beccarii, Halodule pinifolia, Halodule uninervis, and Ruppia maritima, was recorded from southern, central, and outer channel sector. A total of 169.2 km2 area covered by seagrass meadows was mapped through ground survey, which signified the good ecological health of this coastal ecosystem.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the World Bank (Credit No. 4765-IN) and National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems (NPCA) grants to Chilika Development Authority (CDA). We would like to thank Subhasish Pradhan and Bibhuti Bhusan Dora, Research Fellows at GIS Cell, CDA, for making the sampling maps.

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  1. Wetland Research and Training Centre, Chilika Development Authority, Balugaon, Odisha, India

    Pramod Kumar Tripathy, Madhusmita Mohapatra, Roma Pattnaik, Lipika Tarafdar, Sudhakar Panda & Gurdeep Rastogi

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  1. Shaheed Bhagat Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

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  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Sadaf Nazneen

  3. PGDAV College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Pardeep Singh

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Tripathy, P.K., Mohapatra, M., Pattnaik, R., Tarafdar, L., Panda, S., Rastogi, G. (2022). Macrophyte Diversity and Distribution in Brackish Coastal Lagoons: A Field Survey from Chilika, Odisha. In: Madhav, S., Nazneen, S., Singh, P. (eds) Coastal Ecosystems. Coastal Research Library, vol 38. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84255-0_14

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