Abstract
Sedatives and β-blockers are frequently utilized to mitigate stress in the transport of livestock, specifically pigs, with the goal of avoiding subpar meat quality and premature mortality. The unauthorized application of sedatives in animal farming seeks to improve the feed conversion ratio, fostering weight gain through the reduction of animal activity. The potential for residues in consumable tissues is increased due to the common practice of administering these substances shortly before the slaughtering process. A method for the determination of five sedatives (azaperol, azaperone, clorpromazine, acepromazine, and xylazine) and one β-blocker (carazolol) residue in swine, bovine, and equine kidney is detailed. Briefly, samples were extracted with acetonitrile and purified using dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) with Celite 545 with subsequent analysis by LC-MS/MS. This protocol is part of the official Brazilian National Residue Control Plan since 2016 and has been applied for thousands of samples since then. The method is able to detect and quantify the analytes with detection limits from 1.25 to 2.5μg kg−1.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Lins ES, Conceição ES, De Mauricio AQ (2012) Evolution of a residue laboratory network and the management tools for monitoring its performance. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 29(4):490–496
Ingle RG, Zeng S, Jiang H, Fang WJ (2022) Current development of bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Anal 12:517–529
Huang Y, Zheng Z, Huang L, Yao H, Wu XS, Li S et al (2017) Optimization of dispersive liquid-phase microextraction based on solidified floating organic drop combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of glucocorticoid residues in food. J Pharm Biomed Anal 138:363–372
Rizzetti TM, de Souza MP, Prestes OD, Adaime MB, Zanella R (2018) Optimization of sample preparation by central composite design for multi-class determination of veterinary drugs in bovine muscle, kidney and liver by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 246:404–413
**ao X, Zhang MM, Wang Z, Wang ZQ (2019) Determination of β-blockers in bovine and porcine tissues and bovine milk by high-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Lett 52(3):439–451
Zheng J, ** C, Wang G, Wang G, Cao S et al (2018) Rapid screening and determination of the residues of hormones and sedatives in milk powder using the UHPLC-MS/MS and SPE. Food Anal Methods 11(12):3435–3451
de Oliveira LG, Barreto F, Hoff R, Rübensam G, Scherer Kurz MH, Galle G et al (2017) Validation of a method for sedatives and β-blockers determination in swine, bovine and equine kidney using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 34(1):32–39
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
de Oliveira, L.G. et al. (2024). Determination of Sedatives and β-Blocker Residues in Bovine, Swine, and Equine Kidney by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry. In: Hoff, R., Molognoni, L. (eds) Chemical Food Contaminants Analysis. Methods and Protocols in Food Science . Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3806-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3806-4_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-3805-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-3806-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols