Abstract
Four methods for encapsulating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in liposomes were evaluated. Optimum entrapment required emulsifying ATP with the lipids used to form the liposome membrane in a high-speed homogenizer followed by evaporating the organic solvent with vigorous stirring. Under these optimum conditions ATP entrapment was 38.9%; i.e., the dosage form contained 38.9 g of ATP per 100 g of lipid. The distribution of positively charged liposomes loaded with ATP was studied in dogs with experimentally induced myocardial infarction. Intravenous injection of positively charged ATP liposomes caused accumulation of ATP in myocardial infarct tissue. Myocardial infarct tissue has reduced blood flow; since positively charged liposomes accumulated in infarct tissue, liposomes may be a drug delivery system for this disease state.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
**ng-hui **e and Guo-xing Xú. Guowaiyxue Yaoxue Fence 1:5–11 (1984).
A. D. Bangham, M. M. Standish, and J. C. Watkins. J. Mol. Biol. 13:238–252 (1965).
F. C. Szoka, F. Olson, T. Heath, J. Vail, E. Mayer, and D. Papahadjopoulos. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 601:559–571 (1980).
S. Matsumoto, M. Kohda, and S. Murata. J. Coll. Interface Sci. 62:149–157 (1977).
Guo-xing Xú, Sheng Zhong, Hui-feng Peng, Wei-liang Zhou, **ao-di Guo, and **ng-hui **e. Celebration of 80th Anniversary of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association (1987).
Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Chemical Engineering. Yiyao Gongye 1:41–43 (1977).
J. Brunner, P. Skrabal, and H. Hauser. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 455:322–332 (1976).
Shanghai Drug Stand. I:25–26 (1980).
F. C. Szoka and D. Papahadjopoulos. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:4194–4198 (1978).
C. Pidgeon, A. H. Hunt, and K. Dittrich. Pharm. Res. 3:23–34 (1986).
S. Batztri and E. D. Korn. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 298:1015–1019 (1973).
De-liang Zang, Dao-sheng Zheng, Ding-** Huang, Ming-xing Huang, and Ji-ming Yuan. Chin. J. Cardiol. 14:243–246 (1986).
R. J. Domenech, J. I. E. Hoffman, M. I. M. Noble, K. B. Saunders, J.R. Henson, and S. Subijanto. Circ. Res. 25:581–596 (1969).
D. J. A. Crommelin and L. V. Bloois. Int. J. Pharm. 17:135–144 (1983).
H. G. Enoch and P. Strittmatter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:145–149 (1979).
O. Zumbuehl and H. G. Weder. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 640:252–262 (1981).
G. B. Warren, P. A. Toon, N. J. Birdsall, A. G. Lee, and J. C. Metcalfe. Biochemistry 13:5501–5507 (1974).
E. Braunwald. A Text Book of Cardiovascular Medicine, 1st ed., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, London, Toronto, 1980.
K. A. Reimer, R. B. Jennings, and A. H. Tatum. Am. J. Cardiol. 52:72A–81A (1983).
V. J. Caride and B. L. Zaret. Science 198:735–738 (1977).
T. M. Meuller, M. L. Marcus, H. E. Mayer, J. K. Williams, and K. Hermsmeyer. Circ. Res. 49:405–415 (1981).
T. M. Meuller, M. L. Marcus, H. E. Mayer, J. K. Williams, R. Robinson, and K. Hermsmeyer. Circulation 56:261–269 (1977).
P. R. Maroko, L. G. T. Ribeiro, R. A. Kloner, S. L. Hale, J. S. Ingwall, and V. J. Caride. Circulation 58 (Suppl. 2):II-58 (1978).
A. W. G. Cole, R. O. Kingaby, M. L. Lab, and T. N. Palmer. Cardiovasc. Res. 16:516–523 (1982).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Guo-**ng, X., **ng-Hui, X., Fang-Yu, L. et al. Adenosine Triphosphate Liposomes: Encapsulation and Distribution Studies. Pharm Res 7, 553–557 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015837321087
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015837321087