Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles such as liposomes have been at the forefront of drug delivery science since their discovery in the 1960s. Although liposomes were used initially as model membrane systems, creative scientists quickly saw the potential for liposomes as drug carriers. Since then, liposomes have been used as small-scale carrier systems capable of delivering low molecular weight drugs as well as large proteins and even therapeutic nucleic acid sequences. These formulations can be designed to passively target areas of disease. Additionally, lipid composition may be used to control when and where a liposome-associated therapeutic agent is released. In this chapter, the general makeup of lipid carriers, the manufacturing processes used to generate them, important physical characteristics, and their behavior in vivo are discussed. Examples of biomedical applications are given, including a review of some liposomal drug formulations that have already been approved for clinical use.
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Abbreviations
- AAT:
-
Alpha-1antitrypsin
- ASON:
-
Antisense oligonucleotides
- CF:
-
Cystic fibrosis
- CFTR:
-
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- CTL:
-
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- DDS:
-
Drug delivery system
- dLOS:
-
Deacylated lipooligosaccharide
- DOPC:
-
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- DOPE:
-
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
- DOTAP:
-
1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium- propane (chloride salt)
- DOTMA:
-
N-[1-(2, 3-dioleyloyx) propyl]-N-N-N-trimethyl ammonia chloride
- DPPC:
-
1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- DSPC:
-
Distearoylphosphatidylcholine
- EM:
-
Electron microscopy
- EPR:
-
Enhanced permeability and retention
- GC:
-
Glucocorticoid
- HAV:
-
Hepatitis A virus
- hdls:
-
High-density lipoproteins
- i.v.:
-
An intravenous
- IBD:
-
Inflammatory bowel disease
- LUV:
-
Large unilamellar vesicle
- MHCII:
-
Major histocompatibility complex class II
- MLV:
-
Multilaminar vesicles
- MPS:
-
Mononuclear phagocytic system
- MRI:
-
Magnetic resonance imaging
- NMR:
-
Nuclear magnetic resonance
- OMP:
-
Purified outer membrane proteins
- PEG:
-
Polyethylene glycol
- PKN3:
-
Protein kinase N3
- RES:
-
Reticuloendothelial system
- SAXS:
-
Small angle X-ray scattering
- SDBS:
-
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate
- SEC:
-
Size exclusion chromatography
- siRNA:
-
Small interfering ribonucleic acids
- SUV:
-
Small unilamellar vesicle
- T c :
-
Transition temperature
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Kalra, J., Bally, M.B. (2013). Liposomes. In: Uchegbu, I., Schätzlein, A., Cheng, W., Lalatsa, A. (eds) Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Nanoscience. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9164-4_3
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